Nitazoxanide impairs mitophagy flux through ROS-mediated mitophagy initiation and lysosomal dysfunction in bladder cancer
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PROVIDER: PRJNA718525 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignancy in the urinary tract with high recurrence and drug resistance in clinics. Alternative treatments from existing drugs might be a promising strategy. Nitazoxanide (NTZ), an FDA-approved antiprotozoal drug, has got increasingly noticed because of its favorable safety profile and antitumor potential, yet the effects in bladder cancer and underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Herein, we find that NTZ induces mitochondrial damage and mitophagy initiation through PINK1-generated phospho-ubiquitin(pS65-Ub) and autophagy receptor-mediated pathway even in the absence of Atg5/Beclin1. Meanwhile, NTZ inhibits lysosomal degradation activity, leading to mitophagy flux impairment at late stage. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is critical in this process, as eliminating ROS with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) efficiently inhibits PINK1 signaling-mediated mitophagy initiation and alleviates lysosomal dysfunction. Co-treatment with NTZ and autophagy inhibitor Chloroquine (CQ) to aggravate mitophagy flux impairment promotes NTZ-induced apoptosis, while alleviation of mitophagy flux impairment with ROS scavenger reduced cell death. Moreover, we also discover a similar signaling response in the 3D bladder tumor spheroid after NTZ exposure. In vivo study reveals a significant inhibition of orthotopic bladder tumors with no obvious systemic toxicity. Together, our results uncover the anti-tumor activities of NTZ with the involvement of ROS-mediated mitophagy modulation at different stages and demonstrate it as a potential drug candidate for fighting against bladder tumors.
2021-03-31 | GSE171129 | GEO
Project description:Host-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an important defense means to protect against pathogens. Although mitochondria are the main intracellular targets of ROS, how pathogens regulate mitochondrial physiology in response to oxidative stress remains elusive. Prohibitin 2 (PHB2) is an inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) protein, recognized as a mitophagy receptor in animals and fungi. Here, we found that an ANK and FYVE domain-containing protein PsAF5, as an adapter of PsPHB2, interacting with PsATG8 under ROS stress. Unlike PHB2 can recruit ATG8 directly to mitochondria in animals, PsPHB2 cannot recruit PsATG8 to stressed mitochondria without PsAF5. PsAF5 deletion in P. sojae impairs mitophagy under ROS stress and increases its sensitivity to H2O2, resulting the attenuation of P. sojae pathogenicity. The first discovery of PsPHB2-PsAF5-PsATG8 axis in plant pathogenic oomycetes revealed that the IMM protein as a receptor to mediate mitophagy is conserved in eukaryotes, but with differences in the detail of ATG8 recruitment.
2024-05-21 | PXD044242 | Pride
Project description:HOPE is a dynamic preservation method to attenuate IRI in DCD liver. In a rat model of DCD liver, the protective mechanism of HOPE is probably by promoting mitophagy flux in response to hypoxia-ischemic injury. We performed gene expression profiling analysis using data obtained from RNA-seq of 4 different groups in DCD liver.
2022-10-15 | GSE215134 | GEO
Project description:Mefloquine disrupts cancer stem cells by inhibiting lysosomal RAB5/7 mediated mitophagy
| PRJNA476805 | ENA
Project description:Recent developments in genome sequencing have expanded the knowledge of genetic factors associated with late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Among them, genetic variant e4 of the APOE gene (ApoE4) confers the greatest disease risk. Dysregulated glucose metabolism is an early pathological feature of AD. Using isogenic ApoE3 and ApoE4 astrocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells, we find that ApoE4 increases glycolytic activity but impairs mitochondrial respiration in astrocytes. Ultrastructural and autophagic flux analyses show that ApoE4-induced cholesterol accumulation impairs lysosome-dependent removal of damaged mitochondria. Acute treatment with cholesterol-depleting agents restores autophagic activity, mitochondrial dynamics, and associated proteomes, and extended treatment rescues mitochondrial respiration in ApoE4 astrocytes. Taken together, our study provides a direct link between ApoE4-induced lysosomal cholesterol accumulation and abnormal oxidative phosphorylation.
2023-09-12 | PXD045298 | Pride
Project description:Lysosomal degradation plays a crucial role in the metabolism of biological macromolecules supplied by autophagy. Recent evidence demonstrated the regulation of the autophagy-lysosome system, which contributes to intracellular homeostasis, chemoresistance, and tumor progression, as a promising therapeutic approach for pancreatic cancer (PC). However, the details of lysosomal catabolic function in PC cells is not fully elucidated. In this study, we show evidence that suppression of acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA), one of the lysosomal enzymes, improves chemosensitivity and exerts apoptotic effects on PC cells through the disturbance of mitophagy via migration of the transcription factor EB. The levels of lysosomal enzyme were elevated by gemcitabine in PC cells. In particular, the levels of GAA were responsive to gemcitabine in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Small interfering RNA against the GAA gene (siGAA) suppressed cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis in gemcitabine-treated PC cells. In untreated PC cells, we observed accumulation of depolarized mitochondria. Gene therapy using adenoviral vector carrying short hairpin RNA against the GAA gene increased the number of apoptotic cells and decreased the tumor growth in xenograft model mice. These results indicate that GAA is one of the key targets to improve the efficacy of gemcitabine and develop novel therapies for PC.
2021-06-28 | GSE153460 | GEO
Project description:BH3 mimetics are used as an efficient strategy to promote mitochondrial-dependent cell death in blood malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Venetoclax, a potent BCL2 antagonist, is used clinically in combination with hypomethylating agents for the treatment of AML, while various compounds targeting MCL1 are in clinical trials. Yet, drug resistance eventually ensues, highlighting the urgency to understand the underlying mechanisms. Our genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screens revealed that loss of mitophagy regulators sensitizes AML to BH3 mimetics. One such regulator is Mitofusin-2 (MFN2), a GTPase that controls mitochondrial dynamics and the degradation of damaged mitochondria through mitophagy. Resistance to BH3 mimetics is accompanied by alterations in mitochondrial morphology, enhanced mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum interactions, and augmented mitophagy flux. MFN2 inactivation, using a novel small molecule inhibitor, and pharmacologic inhibition of mitophagy synergizes with BH3 mimetics. Overall, targeting of mitophagy along with BCL2-family members is a promising strategy to overcome drug resistance in AML.
2023-07-10 | GSE182401 | GEO
Project description:Biallelic DRAM2 mutations cause an autosomal recessive cone-rod dystrophy named CORD21 typically manifesting by the third decade of life. DRAM2 localises to the lysosomes of photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, however, it remains unclear how DRAM2 contributes to retinal degeneration. Herein, we have derived and characterised retinal organoids (ROs) and RPE cells from two CORD21 induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) lines. CORD21 ROs and RPE manifested abnormal lipid metabolism, autophagic flux defects, aberrant lysosomal content accumulations and reduced lysosomal enzyme activity. A combined proteomics and western blot approach revealed the involvement of DRAM2 in vesicular trafficking that was further corroborated by the immunofluorescent co-localisation of DRAM2 with clathrin adaptor-related proteins AP-1 and AP-3 in ROs. Collectively, our data suggest an indispensable role for DRAM2 in the maintenance of photoreceptors and RPE cells by overseeing the transport of lysosomal enzymes.
2024-02-27 | MSV000094178 | MassIVE
Project description:Human tumors often contain slowly proliferating cancer cells that resist treatment but we do not know precisely how these cells arise. We show that rapidly proliferating cancer cells can divide asymmetrically to produce slowly proliferating “G0-like” progeny that are enriched following chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Asymmetric cancer cell division results from asymmetric suppression of AKT/PKB kinase signaling in one daughter cell during telophase of mitosis. Moreover, inhibition of AKT signaling with small molecule drugs can induce asymmetric cancer cell division and the production of slow proliferators. Cancer cells therefore appear to continuously flux between symmetric and asymmetric division depending on the precise state of their AKT signaling network. This model may have significant implications for understanding how tumors grow, evade treatment, and recur. 3 replicates each of MCF7 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) high, HCT116 ROS high, MCF7 ROS low, and HCT116 ROS low.
2011-07-14 | E-GEOD-30465 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Down syndrome (DS), a complex genetic disorder caused by chromosome 21 trisomy, is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction leading to the accumulation of damaged mitochondria. Here we report that mitophagy, a form of selective autophagy activated to clear damaged mitochondria is deficient in primary human fibroblasts derived from individuals with DS leading to accumulation of damaged mitochondria with consequent increases in oxidative stress. We identified two molecular bases for this mitophagy deficiency: PINK1/PARKIN impairment and abnormal suppression of macroautophagy. First, strongly downregulated PARKIN and the mitophagic adaptor protein SQSTM1/p62 delays PINK1 activation to impair mitophagy induction after mitochondrial depolarization by CCCP or antimycin A plus oligomycin. Secondly, mTOR is strongly hyper-activated, which globally suppresses macroautophagy induction and the transcriptional expression of proteins critical for autophagosome formation such as ATG7, ATG3 and FOXO1. Notably, inhibition of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and complex 2 (mTORC2) using AZD8055 (AZD) restores autophagy flux, PARKIN/PINK initiation of mitophagy, and the clearance of damaged mitochondria by mitophagy. These results recommend mTORC1-mTORC2 inhibition as a promising candidate therapeutic strategy for Down Syndrome.
2019-06-22 | GSE126910 | GEO