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Large-scale secretome analyses unveil a superior immunosuppressive phenotype from umbilical cord stromal cells compared to other adult mesenchymal stromal cells

ABSTRACT: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) with regenerative and immunomodulatory potential are being investigated as a potential therapeutic tool for cartilage lesions. MSCs express a wide variety of bioactive molecules including cytokines, trophic factors, and proteases, which act in a paracrine fashion to modulate the tissue microenvironment. Yet, little is known about the divergence of these signalling molecules between MSCs populations from adult or young tissues. This makes it challenging to decide the optimal source of MSCs for a specific clinical application. In this study, we investigated cell secretomes from cultured human stromal cells harvested from Hoffa’s fat pad (HFPSCs), synovial membrane (SMSCs), umbilical cord (UCSCs) and cartilage (ACs) by quantitative LC-MS/MS proteomics. We also performed multiplex protein arrays and functional assays to compare the constitutive immunomodulatory capabilities of different MSCs. Proteins involved in extracellular matrix degradation and inflammation such as MMPs, IL-17, and complement factors were significantly downregulated in UCSCs compared to other cell types. Additionally, we found enhanced expression of TGF-β1 and PGE2 in UCSCs supernatants. UCSCs were superior in inhibiting peripheral blood mononuclear cells proliferation, migration and TNF-α and IFN-γ secretion compared to ACs, HFPSCs and SMSCs. Although all cell types could repress HLA-DR surface expression and cytokine release by activated macrophages, only UCSCs significantly blocked IL-6 and IL-12 production. Our data demonstrate that stromal cells from umbilical cords display superior anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties than stromal cells from adult tissues. This Allogeneic cell source could potentially be considered as an adjuvant therapy for articular cartilage repair.

INSTRUMENT(S): Q Exactive

ORGANISM(S): Homo Sapiens (human)

SUBMITTER: Jack-Ansgar Bruun

LAB HEAD: Inigo Martinez-Zubiaurre

PROVIDER: PXD011762 | Pride | 2019-01-29

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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Large-scale secretome analyses unveil the superior immunosuppressive phenotype of umbilical cord stromal cells as compared to other adult mesenchymal stromal cells.

Islam A A Urbarova I I Bruun J A JA Martinez-Zubiaurre I I

European cells & materials 20190220

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), given their regenerative potential, are being investigated as a potential therapeutic tool for cartilage lesions. MSCs express several bioactive molecules which act in a paracrine fashion to modulate the tissue microenvironment. Yet, little is known about the divergence of these signalling molecules in different MSC populations. The present study investigated secretomes of stromal cells harvested from Hoffa's fat pad (HFPSCs), synovial membrane (SMSCs), umbilica ...[more]

PMID: 30785213

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Project description:A widely shared view reads that 'MSCs' are ubiquitous in human connective tissues, can be defined by a common in vitro phenotype, share a skeletogenic potential as assessed by in vitro differentiation assays, and coincide with the ubiquitous 'pericytes.' Using stringent in vivo differentiation assays and transcriptome analysis, we show here that human cell populations from different anatomical sources, which would all be regarded as 'MSCs' based on these criteria and assumptions, actually differ widely in their transcriptomic signature and in vivo differentiation potential. In contrast, they share the capacity to guide the assembly of functional microvessels in vivo, regardless of their anatomical source, or in situ identity as perivascular or circulating cells. This analysis further reveals that muscle 'pericytes,' which are not spontaneously osteo-chondrogenic as previously claimed, may indeed coincide with an ectopic perivascular subset of committed myogenic cells similar to satellite cells. Cord blood-derived stromal cells, on the other hand, display the unique capacity to form cartilage in vivo spontaneously, in addition to an assayable osteogenic capacity. These data suggest the need to revise current misconceptions on the origin and function of so-called 'MSCs,' with important applicative implications. The data also support the view that rather than a uniform class of 'MSCs,' different mesoderm derivatives include distinct classes of tissue-specific committed progenitors, likely of different developmental origin. The anatomical identity of 'mesenchymal stem cells', (MSCs) their phenotype, their distribution in the different tissues, their lineage, their physiological functions and biological properties represent one of the most controversial and confusing areas in stem cell biology. The definition of the origin, anatomy, function and biological properties of so-called MSCs has obvious implications both for understanding their biology and for their use in potential therapies. We have previously identified a minimal surface phenotype suited not only to enrich for the archetypal human 'MSCs' in uncultured bone marrow cell suspensions, but also to correlate their ex vivo-assayed clonogenic capacity with their in situ identity and in vivo fate following tranplantation (Sacchetti et al., 2007). Stromal cell strains were established from four different tissue sources: bone marrow (BM), skeletal muscle (MU), periosteum (PE), and perinatal blood-borne cord blood (CB) cells. For all post-natal tissue sources, clonogenic cells were prospectively isolated based on a minimal surface phenotype as previously described for human BMSCs (CD34-/CD45-/CD146+); colonies of CB-derived stromal cells were established as described (Kluth et al., 2010; Kogler et al., 2004). Of note, CD146 identified a clonogenic subset in MU (presented below) and PE (data not shown), as it does in BM. Multi-clonal strains derived from growth of the originally explanted cells were then expanded under identical culture conditions; all resulting cell strains exhibited the canonical in vitro cell surface markers regarded as characteristic of 'MSCs'. In order to characterize the specificity and functional significance of the cell surface phenotype of 'MSCs' that is widely regarded as a defining feature of 'MSCs' across tissues, we performed gene expression profiling using Affimetrix technology.

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