Dataset Information

Chromatin-associated RNA degradation contributes to silencing of Polycomb target genes

ABSTRACT: Polycomb Repressive Complexes 1 and 2 (PRC1 and PRC2) are histone-modifying and -binding complexes that mediate the formation of facultative heterochromatin and are required for silencing of developmental genes and maintenance of cell fate. Multiple pathways of RNA decay work together to establish and maintain heterochromatin in fission yeast, including a recently identified role for a conserved RNA degradation complex called the rixosome or RIX1 complex. Whether RNA degradation also plays a role in the stability of mammalian heterochromatin remains unknown. Here we show that the rixosome contributes to silencing of many Polycomb targets in human cells. The rixosome associates with human PRC complexes and is enriched at promoters of Polycomb target genes. Importantly, depletion of either the rixosome or Polycomb results in accumulation of paused and elongating RNA polymerase at Polycomb-target genes. We identify point mutations in the RING1B subunit of PRC1 that disrupt the interaction between PRC1 and the rixosome and result in diminished silencing, suggesting that direct recruitment of the rixosome to chromatin is required for silencing. Finally, we show that the RNA kinase activity of the rixosome and the XRN2 exoribonuclease, which degrades RNAs with 5’ mono-phosphate groups generated by the rixosome, are required for silencing. Our findings suggest that rixosome-mediated degradation of nascent RNA is conserved from fission yeast to human, although in human cells the rixosome degrades RNA in facultative rather than constitutive heterochromatin.

INSTRUMENT(S): Orbitrap Fusion Lumos

ORGANISM(S): Homo Sapiens (human)

TISSUE(S): Kidney

SUBMITTER: Marian Kalocsay

LAB HEAD: Danesh Moazed

PROVIDER: PXD029403 | Pride | 2022-01-20

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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			Action	DRS
	331583_pscHaining_10plex_Feb2018_F1_L05968.mzIdentML	Mzid
	331585_pscHaining_10plex_Feb2018_F5_L05972.mzIdentML	Mzid
	331587_pscHaining_10plex_Feb2018_F4_L05971.mzIdentML	Mzid
	331589_pscHaining_10plex_Feb2018_F3_L05970.mzIdentML	Mzid
	331591_pscHaining_10plex_Feb2018_F2_L05969.mzIdentML	Mzid

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Rixosomal RNA degradation contributes to silencing of Polycomb target genes.

Zhou Haining H Stein Chad B CB Shafiq Tiasha A TA Shipkovenska Gergana G Kalocsay Marian M Paulo Joao A JA Zhang Jiuchun J Luo Zhenhua Z Gygi Steven P SP Adelman Karen K Moazed Danesh D

Nature 20220330 7904

Polycomb repressive complexes 1 and 2 (PRC1 and PRC2) are histone-modifying and -binding complexes that mediate the formation of facultative heterochromatin and are required for silencing of developmental genes and maintenance of cell fate<sup>1-3</sup>. Multiple pathways of RNA decay work together to establish and maintain heterochromatin in fission yeast, including a recently identified role for a conserved RNA-degradation complex known as the rixosome or RIX1 complex<sup>4-6</sup>. Whether RN ...[more]

PMID: 35355014

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Project description:Cohesin is crucial for proper chromosome segregation, but also regulates gene transcription and organism development by poorly understood mechanisms. We find that in Drosophila, cohesin functionally interacts with Polycomb group (PcG) silencing proteins at both silenced and active genes. Cohesin unexpectedly facilitates binding of Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) to many active genes. In contrast, cohesin and PRC1 binding are mutually antagonistic at silenced genes. PRC1 depletion decreases phosphorylated RNA polymerase and mRNA at many active genes, but increases them at silenced genes. Cohesin also facilitates long-range interactions between Polycomb Response Elements in the invected-engrailed gene complex where it represses transcription. These multiple distinct cohesin-PcG interactions reveal a previously unrecognized role for PRC1 in facilitating productive gene transcription, and provide new insights into how cohesin and PRC1 control development. ChIP-chip of cohesin, Polycomb group proteins, and RNA Polymerase II was performed in whole wing imaginal discs in developing wing imaginal disc, revealing that cohesin and Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) components co-bind with cohesin proteins at active genes. We then measured cohesin, Pc, and H3K27me3 separately in anterior and posterior wing imaginal discs and compared their binding at the invected-engrailed complex, which is silenced in the anterior disc, and expressed in its posterior. This confirmed that cohesin and PRC1 (Pc) co-bind at inv-en in its active state, and H3K27me3 and PRC1 (Pc) co-target inv-en in its silenced state. Comparison of binding between Pc-RJ and Pc-VP was performed, and revealed that Pc-VP is subject to epitope masking specifically at active genes. Finally, we measured cohesin and Pc binding in Drosophila ML-DmBG3-c2 cells, and found that they co-bind active genes in this cell line in as well as in wing imaginal discs. ChIP-chip of cohesin subunit Rad21 after PRC1 component Ph depletion, and ChIP-chip of PRC1 subunit Pc after Rad21 RNAi depletion, revealed that these two complexes affect one another's binding. Finally, ChIP-chip of Rpb3 (representing total Pol II) and Ser2P-Pol II (representing elongating Pol II) after PRC1 component Ph depletion revealed that PRC1 restrains entry of non-phosphorylated Pol II into gene bodies.