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Infection-induced peripheral mitochondria fission drives ER encapsulations that rescue bioenergetics

ABSTRACT: During infection, viruses rely on altering organelle shape, location, and abundance to modulate cellular functions. The prevalent pathogen human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) induces mitochondria fragmentation while paradoxically promoting respiration. Using super-resolution and cryo-electron tomography, we establish that HCMV infection induces peripheral mitochondria fission, the progeny of which form mitochondria-ER encapsulations (MENCs). Proteomics and metabolic assays demonstrate that MENC resident protein PTPIP51 promotes mitochondria health by regulating calcium transfer, membrane potential, and cellular respiration. MENCs stabilize pro-viral mitochondria-mitochondria contacts (MiMiCs) that facilitate the transfer of membrane potential and further increase respiration. Beyond infection, we show that metastatic melanoma cells, which exhibit similar fragmentation/respiration phenotypes, also form PTPIP51-enriched MENCs. Given the prevalence of mitochondria fragmentation in diverse disease states, MENCs can provide an explanation for uncharacterized facets of pathogenesis.

INSTRUMENT(S): Q Exactive HF

ORGANISM(S): Homo Sapiens (human)

TISSUE(S): Fibroblast

SUBMITTER: Will Hofstadter

LAB HEAD: William Hofstadter

PROVIDER: PXD038330 | Pride | 2024-07-25

REPOSITORIES: pride

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			Action	DRS
	202109_IgG-IP_48hpi_BR1.raw	Raw
	202109_IgG-IP_72hpi_BR1.raw	Raw
	202109_IgG-IP_96hpi_BR1.raw	Raw
	202109_IgG-IP_Mock_BR1.raw	Raw
	202109_PTPIP51-IP_48hpi_BR1.raw	Raw

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Project description:Reconstitution of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific immunity following transplant remains a primary clinical objective to prevent CMV disease, and adoptive immunotherapy of CMV-specific T cells can be an effective therapeutic approach. Due to the persistence of CMV, most CMV-specific CD8+ T cells become terminally differentiated effector cells (TEFF). However, a minor subset retains a memory phenotype (TM). Interestingly, recent studies suggest that CMV-specific CD8+ T cells with different phenotypes may have different abilities to reconstitute sustained immunity following transfer. The immunology of human CMV (HCMV) infections is reflected in the mouse model of MCMV infection. We found that HCMV- and MCMV-specific T cells displayed shared genetic programs, validating the MCMV model for studies of CMV-specific T cells in vivo. After transfer, the proliferative capacity of MCMV-specific TM cells was vastly superior to TEFF cells. Strikingly, TM cells expanded and established sustained and diverse T cell populations even after multiple challenges. Although both TEFF and TM cells could protect Rag-/- mice, only TM cells could consistently survive after transfer into immune replete, latently infected recipients and respond if recipient immunity was lost. These data show that CMV-specific TM cells retain memory function during persistent infection and can re-establish CMV immunity when necessary. C57BL/6 mice were infected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with MCMV strain MW97.01 between 6-16 weeks of age. Splenocytes were isolated from chronically-infected mice and co-stained with three PE-conjugated tetramers loaded with the antigenic peptides from M38, m139 and IE3, all of which promote memory inflation. Cells were then stained with fluorescently conjugated antibodies and sorted on a MoFlo cell sorter. Naïve CD8+ cells were identified as CD44lo. MCMV-specific T cells were identified as CD8+, CD44hi and tetramer binding and then further segregated into memory and effector cells subsets by their expression of KLRG1 and CD127.

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Infection-induced peripheral mitochondria fission drives ER encapsulations that rescue bioenergetics

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