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SAMD1 suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

ABSTRACT: SAMD1, a CpG island-binding protein, plays a pivotal role in the repression of its target genes by influencing the activity of KDM1A. Despite its significant correlation with outcomes in various tumor types, SAMD1's role in cancer has remained largely unexplored. In this study, we focus on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and reveal that SAMD1 is a repressor of genes associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Upon depletion of SAMD1 in PDAC cells, we observed significantly increased migration rates. Furthermore, high SAMD1 expression in PDAC patients correlated with lower expression of EMT signature genes and better prognosis, further underscoring its suppressive role. In-depth analysis revealed that SAMD1 exerts its effects by binding to specific genomic targets, including CDH2, encoding N-Cadherin, which emerged as a driver of enhanced migration upon SAMD1 knockout. Our investigations further demonstrated reduced chromatin-binding activity of SAMD1 in PDAC cells, prompting a search for regulatory mechanisms. This led to the discovery of the FBXO11-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase complex as a novel interactor of SAMD1, critically influencing its chromatin binding genome-wide. High FBXO11 expression in PDAC is associated with poor prognosis and increased expression of EMT-related genes, implying an antagonistic relationship between SAMD1 and FBXO11. In summary, our findings provide new insights into the regulation of EMT-related genes in PDAC, shedding light on the intricate role of SAMD1 and its interplay with FBXO11 in this particular cancer type.

INSTRUMENT(S): Q Exactive HF

ORGANISM(S): Homo Sapiens (human)

SUBMITTER: Ignasi Forne

LAB HEAD: Dr. Robert

PROVIDER: PXD044104 | Pride | 2024-07-12

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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Project description:Our group is interested in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), in particular, TGF-beta induced EMT. TGF-beta signalling has been shown to be an important factor in the induction of EMT and it has been demonstrated that adding TGF-beta to epithelial cells in culture is a convenient way to study the process of EMT. In response to TGF-beta, Smad2 and 3 are activated, and form complexes with Smad4, which then regulate transcription of target genes through interactions with other DNA binding transcription factors. In the induction of EMT, the activated Smads mediate transcriptional regulation through three families of transcription factors, resulting in repression of epithelial marker gene expression and activation of mesenchymal gene expression (Xu J, et al. 2009) Also investigated in this study is the role of H2A.Z in EMT. H2A.Z is an evolutionary conserved and a metazoan essential histone variant of the H2A class. Mice deficient in H2A.Z die during early development but the reason for this is unknown (Faast et al. 2001). Previously, our laboratory showed that the loss of H2A.Z in Xenpous laevis impaired cell movement required for the formation of the mesoderm and neural crest (Ridgway et al. 2004). Given that mesoderm formation is critically dependent upon EMT, we therefore wondered whether H2A.Z might be a chromatin regulator of EMT. We transfected MDCK cells with a lentiviral vector to express a construct encoding an shRNA targeting canine H2A.Z as we wanted to test the hypothesis that H2A.Z is involved in the maintenance of cellular identity and that its loss might trigger de-differentiation. In order to investigate changes in histone variant H2A.Z occupancy associated with TGF-beta induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) we performed H2A.Z ChIP-Seq in untreated and TGFb-treated MDCK cells. The MDCK cell line has been extensively used as a model system for EMT because they convert fully from the epithelial to the mesenchymal state in response to TGF-beta. Please note that RNA-seq data generated in conjunction to this ChIP-seq data set were also deposited at ArrayExpress under accession number E-MTAB-5628 ( https://www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress/experiments/E-MTAB-5628 ).

Project description:Fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) are emerging cellular components of the skeletal muscle regenerative environment. The alternative functional phenotype of FAPs - either supportive of muscle regeneration or promoting fibro-adipogenic degeneration M-bM-^@M-^S is a key determinant in the pathogenesis of muscular diseases, including Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). However, the molecular regulation of FAPs is still unknown. We show here that an M-bM-^@M-^\HDAC-myomiR-BAF60 variant networkM-bM-^@M-^] regulates the functional phenotype of FAPs in dystrophic muscles of mdx mice. Combinatorial analysis of gene expression microarray and genome-wide chromatin remodeling by Nuclease accessibility (NA)-seq revealed that HDAC inhibitors de-repress a M-bM-^@M-^\latentM-bM-^@M-^] myogenic program in FAPs from dystrophic muscles at early stages of disease progression. In these cells HDAC inhibition promoted the expression of two core components of the myogenic transcriptional machinery, MyoD and BAF60C, and upregulated the myomiRs (miRs) 1.2, 133 and 206, which target two alternative BAF60 variants (BAF60A and B) ultimately leading to the activation of a pro-myogenic program at the expense of the fibro-adipogenic phenotype. By contrast, FAPs from dystrophic muscles at late stages of disease progression displayed resistance to HDACi-induced chromatin remodeling at myogenic loci and fail to activate the pro-myogenic phenotype. These results reveal a previously unappreciated disease stage-specific bipotency of mesenchimal cells within the regenerative environment of dystrophic muscles. Resolution of such bi-potency by epigenetic interventions, such as HDACi, provides the molecular rationale for the in situ reprogramming of target cells to promote therapeutic regeneration of dystrophic muscles. Genome-wide chromatin accessibility patterns in FAPs cells derived from mdx mice at different ages treated either with HDAC inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA) or with vehicle (saline solution) were assessed using NA-seq (PMID: 19289091)

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SAMD1 suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

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