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Germline-like TCR alpha chains shared between autoreactive T cells in blood and pancreas [dataset1]

ABSTRACT: Germline-like TCR alpha chains shared between autoreactive T cells in blood and pancreas [dataset1]

PROVIDER: PRJNA1074806 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR27921800_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR27921800_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR27921900_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR27921900_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR27922000_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Germline-like TCR alpha chains shared between autoreactive T cells in blood and pancreas [dataset1]

Project description:How human islet antigen reactive CD4+ memory T cells (IAR T cells) from peripheral blood affect Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) progression in the pancreas is poorly understood. We identified paired alpha/beta (TRA/TRB) T cell receptors (TCRs) in IAR T cells from the blood of healthy, at-risk, new onset, and established T1D donors, and measured sequence overlap with TCRs in pancreata from organ donors. We detected extensive TRA junction sharing between IAR T cells and pancreatic infiltrating T cells (PIT), with perfect or single mismatched TRA junction amino acid sequences comprising ~34% of unique IAR TRA junctions. PIT-matched TRA junctions were largely public, and showed significant nucleotide sequence convergence, increased use of germline-encoded residues in epitope engagement, and a potential for cross-reactivity. The link with T cells in the pancreas implicates autoreactive IAR T cells with shared TRA junctions in the prediabetic and new onset phases of T1D progression.

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Germline-like TCR alpha chains shared between autoreactive T cells in blood and pancreas

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Autoreactive T cell receptors with shared germline-like α chains in type 1 diabetes.

Project description:Human islet antigen reactive CD4+ memory T cells (IAR T cells) play a key role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D). Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) to identify T cell receptors (TCRs) in IAR T cells, we have identified a class of TCRs that share TCRα chains between individuals ("public" chains). We isolated IAR T cells from blood of healthy, new-onset T1D and established T1D donors using multiplexed CD154 enrichment and identified paired TCRαβ sequences from 2767 individual cells. More than a quarter of cells shared TCR junctions between 2 or more cells ("expanded"), and 29/47 (~62%) of expanded TCRs tested showed specificity for islet antigen epitopes. Public TCRs sharing TCRα junctions were most prominent in new-onset T1D. Public TCR sequences were more germline like than expanded unique, or "private," TCRs, and had shorter junction sequences, suggestive of fewer random nucleotide insertions. Public TCRα junctions were often paired with mismatched TCRβ junctions in TCRs; remarkably, a subset of these TCRs exhibited cross-reactivity toward distinct islet antigen peptides. Our findings demonstrate a prevalent population of IAR T cells with diverse specificities determined by TCRs with restricted TCRα junctions and germline-constrained antigen recognition properties. Since these "innate-like" TCRs differ from previously described immunodominant TCRβ chains in autoimmunity, they have implications for fundamental studies of disease mechanisms. Self-reactive restricted TCRα chains and their associated epitopes should be considered in fundamental and translational investigations of TCRs in T1D.

| S-EPMC8663791 | biostudies-literature

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