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Germline-like TCR alpha chains shared between autoreactive T cells in blood and pancreas

ABSTRACT: This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE256481 | GEO | 2024/04/16

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Self-reactive germline-like TCR alpha chains shared between blood and pancreas.

Project description:Human islet antigen reactive CD4 + memory T cells (IAR T cells) from peripheral blood have been studied extensively for their role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, IAR T cells are rare, and it remains poorly understood how they affect T1D progression in the pancreas. Using single cell RNA-sequencing coupled with a multiplexed activation induced marker (AIM) enrichment assay, we identified paired TCR alpha/beta (TRA/TRB) T cell receptors (TCRs) in IAR T cells from the blood of healthy, at-risk, new onset, and established T1D donors. Using TCR sequences as barcodes, we measured infiltration of IAR T cells from blood into pancreas of organ donors with and without T1D. We detected extensive TCR sharing between IAR T cells from peripheral blood and pancreatic infiltrating T cells (PIT), with perfectly matched or single mismatched TRA junctions and J gene regions, comprising ~ 34% of unique IAR TCRs. PIT-matching IAR T cells had public TRA chains that showed increased use of germline-encoded residues in epitope engagement and a propensity for cross-reactivity. The link with T cells in the pancreas implicates autoreactive IAR T cells with shared TRA junctions and increased levels in blood with the prediabetic and new onset phases of T1D progression.

| S-EPMC10602137 | biostudies-literature

Germline-like TCR alpha chains shared between autoreactive T cells in blood and pancreas [dataset2]

Project description:How human islet antigen reactive CD4+ memory T cells (IAR T cells) from peripheral blood affect Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) progression in the pancreas is poorly understood. We identified paired alpha/beta (TRA/TRB) T cell receptors (TCRs) in IAR T cells from the blood of healthy, at-risk, new onset, and established T1D donors, and measured sequence overlap with TCRs in pancreata from organ donors. We detected extensive TRA junction sharing between IAR T cells and pancreatic infiltrating T cells (PIT), with perfect or single mismatched TRA junction amino acid sequences comprising ~34% of unique IAR TRA junctions. PIT-matched TRA junctions were largely public, and showed significant nucleotide sequence convergence, increased use of germline-encoded residues in epitope engagement, and a potential for cross-reactivity. The link with T cells in the pancreas implicates autoreactive IAR T cells with shared TRA junctions in the prediabetic and new onset phases of T1D progression.

2024-04-16 | GSE256479 | GEO

Germline-like TCR alpha chains shared between autoreactive T cells in blood and pancreas [dataset1]

2024-04-16 | GSE255400 | GEO

Germline-like TCR alpha chains shared between autoreactive T cells in blood and pancreas

Project description:Germline-like TCR alpha chains shared between autoreactive T cells in blood and pancreas

| PRJNA1079752 | ENA

Germline-like TCR alpha chains shared between autoreactive T cells in blood and pancreas [dataset1]

Project description:Germline-like TCR alpha chains shared between autoreactive T cells in blood and pancreas [dataset1]

| PRJNA1074806 | ENA

Germline-like TCR alpha chains shared between autoreactive T cells in blood and pancreas [dataset2]

Project description:Germline-like TCR alpha chains shared between autoreactive T cells in blood and pancreas [dataset2]

| PRJNA1079762 | ENA

Autoreactive T cell receptors with shared germline-like α chains in type 1 diabetes.

Project description:Human islet antigen reactive CD4+ memory T cells (IAR T cells) play a key role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D). Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) to identify T cell receptors (TCRs) in IAR T cells, we have identified a class of TCRs that share TCRα chains between individuals ("public" chains). We isolated IAR T cells from blood of healthy, new-onset T1D and established T1D donors using multiplexed CD154 enrichment and identified paired TCRαβ sequences from 2767 individual cells. More than a quarter of cells shared TCR junctions between 2 or more cells ("expanded"), and 29/47 (~62%) of expanded TCRs tested showed specificity for islet antigen epitopes. Public TCRs sharing TCRα junctions were most prominent in new-onset T1D. Public TCR sequences were more germline like than expanded unique, or "private," TCRs, and had shorter junction sequences, suggestive of fewer random nucleotide insertions. Public TCRα junctions were often paired with mismatched TCRβ junctions in TCRs; remarkably, a subset of these TCRs exhibited cross-reactivity toward distinct islet antigen peptides. Our findings demonstrate a prevalent population of IAR T cells with diverse specificities determined by TCRs with restricted TCRα junctions and germline-constrained antigen recognition properties. Since these "innate-like" TCRs differ from previously described immunodominant TCRβ chains in autoimmunity, they have implications for fundamental studies of disease mechanisms. Self-reactive restricted TCRα chains and their associated epitopes should be considered in fundamental and translational investigations of TCRs in T1D.

| S-EPMC8663791 | biostudies-literature

Germline-like TCR alpha chains dominate shared self-reactive T cell receptors in type 1 diabetes

Project description:Human islet antigen reactive CD4+ memory T cells (IAR T cells) play a key role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D). Using single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to identify T cell receptors (TCRs) in IAR T cells, we have identified a class of TCRs that share TCR alpha chains between individuals (“public”).

2021-12-15 | GSE182870 | GEO

Germline-like TCR alpha chains dominate shared self-reactive T cell receptors in type 1 diabetes

Project description:Germline-like TCR alpha chains dominate shared self-reactive T cell receptors in type 1 diabetes

| PRJNA758093 | ENA

Germline-Encoded TCR-MHC Contacts Promote TCR V Gene Bias in Umbilical Cord Blood T Cell Repertoire.

Project description:T cells recognize antigens as peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins through T cell receptors (TCRs) on their surface. To recognize a wide range of pathogens, each individual possesses a substantial number of TCRs with an extremely high degree of variability. It remains controversial whether germline-encoded TCR repertoire is shaped by MHC polymorphism and, if so, what is the preference between MHC genetic variants and TCR V gene compatibility. To investigate the "net" genetic association between MHC variations and TRBV genes, we applied quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping to test the associations between MHC polymorphism and TCR ? chain V (TRBV) genes usage using umbilical cord blood (UCB) samples of 201 Chinese newborns. We found TRBV gene and MHC loci that are predisposed to interact with one another differ from previous conclusions. The majority of MHC amino acid residues associated with the TRBV gene usage show spatial proximities in known structures of TCR-pMHC complexes. These results show for the first time that MHC variants bias TRBV gene usage in UCB of Chinese ancestry and indicate that germline-encoded contacts influence TCR-MHC interactions in intact T cell repertoires.

| S-EPMC6730489 | biostudies-literature

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