Project description:The molecular mechanisms of exercise-induced cardiovascular protection are poorly understood. There is growing evidence that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are necessary for some of these adaptations and antioxidants may be used to investigate this effect. This study aimed to determine the effects of exercise and/or antioxidant supplementation on myocardial and vascular endothelium gene expression. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: i) endurance exercise (90min of treadmill running 4d/week, 14 weeks); ii) antioxidant-treated; iii) antioxidant and endurance exercise and iv) control. The supplemented animals received Vitamin E (1000 IU/kg diet) and ï¡-lipoic acid (1.6 g/kg diet) mixed with rat chow. cDNA microarray analysis was performed using purified endothelial RNA from myocardial and coronary artery endothelial cells and showed that the expression levels of 35, 40 and 40 genes were altered for groups i, ii, and iii respectively compared to control. Differentially expressed genes were analysed using the KEGG pathway database, hierarchical cluster and DAVID analysis. These analyses revealed that a gene involved in cardiovascular disease progression, Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) was down-regulated by exercise, upregulated by antioxidant supplementation and the combination of exercise and antioxidant blunted both effects. These findings were confirmed by real-time PCR. In summary, exercise and antioxidant supplementation affect endothelial cell gene expression and ROS appear necessary for some of these adaptations. 48 Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: i) endurance exercise (90min of treadmill running 4d/week, 14 weeks); ii) antioxidant-treated; iii) antioxidant and endurance exercise and iv) control. The supplemented animals received Vitamin E (1000 IU/kg diet) and ï¡-lipoic acid (1.6 g/kg diet) mixed with rat chow. cDNA microarray analysis was performed using purified endothelial RNA from myocardial and coronary artery endothelial cells. Based on the limited material available, it was necessary to combine the RNA into three pools per treatment group for CAEC (approx 400 ng of total RNA), and four pools for LVEC (approx 1 Î¼g of total RNA) with an additional reference pool from each control group.

Project description:While the salutary effects of exercise training on conduit artery endothelial cells have been reported in animals and humans with cardiovascular risk factors or disease, whether a healthy endothelium is alterable with exercise training is less certain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of exercise training on transcriptional profiles in normal endothelial cells using a genome-wide microarray analysis. Brachial and internal mammary endothelial gene expression was compared between a group of healthy pigs that exercise-trained for 16-20 weeks (n=8) and a group that remained sedentary (n=8). We found that a total of 130 genes were up regulated and 84 genes down regulated in brachial artery endothelial cells with exercise training. In contrast, a total of 113 genes were up regulated and 31 genes down regulated in internal mammary artery endothelial cells (>1.5-fold and false discovery rate<15%). Although there was an overlap of 66 genes (59 up regulated and 7 down regulated with exercise training) between the brachial and internal mammary arteries, the identified endothelial gene networks and biological processes influenced by exercise training were distinctly different between the brachial and internal mammary arteries. These data indicate that a healthy endothelium is indeed responsive to exercise training and support the concept that the influence of physical activity on endothelial gene expression is not homogenously distributed throughout the vasculature. Brachial and internal mammary endothelial gene expression was compared between a group of healthy pigs that exercise-trained for 16-20 weeks (n=8) and a group that remained sedentary (n=8). The arteries were taken from the same animals, and after quality assessment, so there were 29 total arrays (15 unique pigs), 14 with an array for both the brachial artery and the internal mammary artery (IMA), and the remaining 1 having only brachial. One pig had bad RNA quality and is missing from both IMA and brachical. Therefore, there were 15 IMA (7 SED, 8 EX) and 14 brachial arrays (7 SED, 7 EX) that were used in this study.

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