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Spatial transcriptome of Nematostella vectensis apical organ reveals its molecular signature and associated cells

ABSTRACT: Spatial transcriptome of Nematostella vectensis apical organ reveals its molecular signature and associated cells

PROVIDER: PRJNA667916 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR12787980_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR12787980_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR12787981_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR12787981_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR12787982_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Molecular characterization of the apical organ in the anthozoan Nematostella vectensis

Project description:The aim of the experiment was the identification of genes that are expressed in the apical organ of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. To achieve this, animals were generated that either lack the apical organ (injected with a morpholino antisense oligonucleotide to block the function of NvFGFa1) or have an expanded apical organ (injected with a morpholino antisense oligonucleotide to block the function of NvFGFa2, see Rentzsch et al., Development, 2008). Eggs from the same batch were injected after fertilization, (MO NvFGFa1 at 0.5uM, MO NvFGFa2 at 0.25uM) and planula larvae with the expected phenotype and without general developmental abnormalities were selected after 72 hours of development at room temperature (22°C), and placed in RNAlater Solution (Ambion) for subsequent extraction of RNA. Three conditions were isolated: embryos injected with NvFGFa1 MO, embryos injected with NvFGFa2 MO and non-injected embryos. Total RNA was extracted with the RNAqueous kit (Ambion), following the manufacturer’s protocol, and temporarily stored at -80°C, in order to accumulate the quantity necessary for the hybridization. The isolated total RNA for each condition was pooled and split into to two tubes and shipped on dry ice to Nimblegen in Iceland. The injections and the isolation of total RNA were performed from May – August 2009 at the Sars Centre in Bergen, Norway.

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Graded FGF activity patterns distinct cell types within the apical sensory organ of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis

Project description:Bilaterian animals have evolved complex sensory organs comprised of distinct cell types that function coordinately to sense the environment. Each sensory unit has a defined architecture built from component cell types, including sensory cells, non-sensory support cells, and dedicated sensory neurons. Whether this characteristic cellular composition is present in the sensory organs of non-bilaterian animals is unknown. Here, we interrogate the cell type composition and gene regulatory networks controlling development of the larval apical sensory organ in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. Using single cell RNA sequencing and imaging approaches, we reveal two unique cell types in the Nematostella apical sensory organ, GABAergic sensory cells and a putative non-sensory support cell population. Further, we identify the paired-like (PRD) homeodomain gene prd146 as a specific sensory cell marker and show that Prd146+ sensory cells become post-mitotic after gastrulation. Genetic loss of function approaches show that Prd146 is essential for apical sensory organ development. Using a candidate gene knockdown approach, we place prd146 downstream of FGF signaling in the apical sensory organ gene regulatory network. Further, we demonstrate that an aboral FGF activity gradient coordinately regulates the specification of both sensory and support cells. Collectively, these experiments define the genetic basis for apical sensory organ development in a non-bilaterian animal and reveal an unanticipated degree of complexity in a prototypic sensory structure.

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Project description:The spatial transcriptome data has allowed us to explore the differential gene expression among the oral-aboral domains and provided new insights into the apical organ signalling pathways for future mechanistic studies and genes associated with oral/aboral differentiation. This resource identifies numerous candidates for elucidating the functional role of the apical organ and to address the evolution of the metazoan larval nervous system.

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