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Spatial transcriptome of Nematostella vectensis apical organ reveals its molecular signature and associated cells

ABSTRACT: The spatial transcriptome data has allowed us to explore the differential gene expression among the oral-aboral domains and provided new insights into the apical organ signalling pathways for future mechanistic studies and genes associated with oral/aboral differentiation. This resource identifies numerous candidates for elucidating the functional role of the apical organ and to address the evolution of the metazoan larval nervous system.

ORGANISM(S): Nematostella vectensis

PROVIDER: GSE159166 | GEO | 2021/10/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Graded FGF activity patterns distinct cell types within the apical sensory organ of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis

Project description:Bilaterian animals have evolved complex sensory organs comprised of distinct cell types that function coordinately to sense the environment. Each sensory unit has a defined architecture built from component cell types, including sensory cells, non-sensory support cells, and dedicated sensory neurons. Whether this characteristic cellular composition is present in the sensory organs of non-bilaterian animals is unknown. Here, we interrogate the cell type composition and gene regulatory networks controlling development of the larval apical sensory organ in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. Using single cell RNA sequencing and imaging approaches, we reveal two unique cell types in the Nematostella apical sensory organ, GABAergic sensory cells and a putative non-sensory support cell population. Further, we identify the paired-like (PRD) homeodomain gene prd146 as a specific sensory cell marker and show that Prd146+ sensory cells become post-mitotic after gastrulation. Genetic loss of function approaches show that Prd146 is essential for apical sensory organ development. Using a candidate gene knockdown approach, we place prd146 downstream of FGF signaling in the apical sensory organ gene regulatory network. Further, we demonstrate that an aboral FGF activity gradient coordinately regulates the specification of both sensory and support cells. Collectively, these experiments define the genetic basis for apical sensory organ development in a non-bilaterian animal and reveal an unanticipated degree of complexity in a prototypic sensory structure.

2024-04-01 | GSE213278 | GEO

Molecular characterization of the apical organ in the anthozoan Nematostella vectensis

Project description:The aim of the experiment was the identification of genes that are expressed in the apical organ of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. To achieve this, animals were generated that either lack the apical organ (injected with a morpholino antisense oligonucleotide to block the function of NvFGFa1) or have an expanded apical organ (injected with a morpholino antisense oligonucleotide to block the function of NvFGFa2, see Rentzsch et al., Development, 2008). Eggs from the same batch were injected after fertilization, (MO NvFGFa1 at 0.5uM, MO NvFGFa2 at 0.25uM) and planula larvae with the expected phenotype and without general developmental abnormalities were selected after 72 hours of development at room temperature (22°C), and placed in RNAlater Solution (Ambion) for subsequent extraction of RNA. Three conditions were isolated: embryos injected with NvFGFa1 MO, embryos injected with NvFGFa2 MO and non-injected embryos. Total RNA was extracted with the RNAqueous kit (Ambion), following the manufacturer’s protocol, and temporarily stored at -80°C, in order to accumulate the quantity necessary for the hybridization. The isolated total RNA for each condition was pooled and split into to two tubes and shipped on dry ice to Nimblegen in Iceland. The injections and the isolation of total RNA were performed from May – August 2009 at the Sars Centre in Bergen, Norway.

2014-10-19 | E-MTAB-3004 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Molecular characterization of the apical organ of the anthozoan Nematostella vectensis.

Project description:Apical organs are sensory structures present in many marine invertebrate larvae where they are considered to be involved in their settlement, metamorphosis and locomotion. In bilaterians they are characterised by a tuft of long cilia and receptor cells and they are associated with groups of neurons, but their relatively low morphological complexity and dispersed phylogenetic distribution have left their evolutionary relationship unresolved. Moreover, since apical organs are not present in the standard model organisms, their development and function are not well understood. To provide a foundation for a better understanding of this structure we have characterised the molecular composition of the apical organ of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. In a microarray-based comparison of the gene expression profiles of planulae with either a wildtype or an experimentally expanded apical organ, we identified 78 evolutionarily conserved genes, which are predominantly or specifically expressed in the apical organ of Nematostella. This gene set comprises signalling molecules, transcription factors, structural and metabolic genes. The majority of these genes, including several conserved, but previously uncharacterized ones, are potentially involved in different aspects of the development or function of the long cilia of the apical organ. To demonstrate the utility of this gene set for comparative analyses, we further analysed the expression of a subset of previously uncharacterized putative orthologs in sea urchin larvae and detected expression for twelve out of eighteen of them in the apical domain. Our study provides a molecular characterization of the apical organ of Nematostella and represents an informative tool for future studies addressing the development, function and evolutionary history of apical organ cells.

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Project description:We demonstrated that the presence of substrate is effectively required for transverse fission, that animal size does not affect fission rates, and that the position of physal pinching is fixed along the oral-aboral axis of the polyp. Gene expression analyses revealed a role for putative homeobox transcription factors, and components of TGFβ, Notch, and FGF signaling pathways in the transverse fission process.

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Spatial transcriptome of Nematostella vectensis apical organ reveals its molecular signature and associated cells

Project description:Spatial transcriptome of Nematostella vectensis apical organ reveals its molecular signature and associated cells

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Project description:Evolution of the capacity to form secondary outgrowths from the principal embryonic axes was a crucial innovation that potentiated the diversification of animal body plans. Nevertheless, precisely how such outgrowths develop in early-branching metazoan species remains poorly understood. To identify genes potentially involved in tentacle initiation, outgrowth, and maintenance, we performed transcriptional profiling at three different stages of Nematostella development: late planula larvae with tentacle buds, animals with growing tentacles, and mature animals with four-tentacle polyps. At each of these three stages, the animal was bisected such that the oral tentacle portion (head) could be compared to the body column.

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Project description:Using forward transcriptomics, we show that beta-catenin/Tcf signaling and BMP2/4 signaling provide differential inputs into the cnidarian endomesodermal gene regulatory network (GRN) at the onset of gastrulation (24 h postfertilization) in N. vectensis. Surprisingly, beta-catenin/Tcf signaling and BMP2/4 signaling regulate a subset of common downstream target genes in the GRN in opposite ways, leading to the spatial and temporal differentiation of fields of cells in the developing embryo. Thus, we show that regulatory interactions between beta-catenin/Tcf signaling and BMP2/4 signaling are required for the specification and determination of different embryonic regions and the patterning of the oral?aboral axis in Nematostella.

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Mechanisms of tentacle morphogenesis in the sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis

2013-05-01 | E-GEOD-45588 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Graded FGF activity patterns distinct cell types within the apical sensory organ of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis

Project description:Graded FGF activity patterns distinct cell types within the apical sensory organ of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis

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Expression data from postnatal mouse apical and basal organ of Corti from Dicer1 conditional knockout and littermate control cochleae.

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