Project description:Fungal necromass in soil represents the stable carbon pools. While fungi are known to decompose fungal necromass, how fungi decomopose melanin, remains poorly understood. Recently, Trichoderma species was found to be one of the most commonly associated fungi in soil, we have used a relevant fungal species, Trichoderma reesei, to characterized Genes involved in the decomposition of melanized and non-melanized necromass from Hyaloscypha bicolor.
Project description:Interaction of microbes affects the growth, metabolism and differentiation of members of the community. While direct and indirect competitions, like spite and nutrient consumption have negative effect on each other, microbes also evolved in nature not only to fight, but in some cases to adapt or support each other while increasing the fitness of the community. Presence of bacteria and fungi in the soil results in interactions and various examples were described, including mutualism. Bacilli attach to the plant root and form complex communities in the rhizosphere. Bacillus subtilis, when grown in the presence of Aspergillus niger interacts with the fungal partner, attaches and grows on the hyphae. Using dual transcriptome experiment, we show that both fungi and bacteria alter their metabolisms during the interaction. Interestingly, the transcription of genes related to the antifungal and antibacterial defense mechanism of B. subtilis and A. niger, respectively, are decreased upon attachment of bacteria to the mycelia. Our microarray experiments provide a novel insight into the mutual interaction of a bacterium and a fungus. Aspergillus niger were grown with and without Bacillus subtilis. Biological triplicates were made for both conditions, Affymetrix microarray experiments were performed on these samples.
Project description:Interaction of microbes affects the growth, metabolism and differentiation of members of the community. While direct and indirect competitions, like spite and nutrient consumption have negative effect on each other, microbes also evolved in nature not only to fight, but in some cases to adapt or support each other while increasing the fitness of the community. Presence of bacteria and fungi in the soil results in interactions and various examples were described, including mutualism. Bacilli attach to the plant root and form complex communities in the rhizosphere. Bacillus subtilis, when grown in the presence of Aspergillus niger interacts with the fungal partner, attaches and grows on the hyphae. Using dual transcriptome experiment, we show that both fungi and bacteria alter their metabolisms during the interaction. Interestingly, the transcription of genes related to the antifungal and antibacterial defense mechanism of B. subtilis and A. niger, respectively, are decreased upon attachment of bacteria to the mycelia. Our microarray experiments provide a novel insight into the mutual interaction of a bacterium and a fungus.
Project description:Genetic engineering of filamentous fungi has promise for accelerating the transition to a more sustainable food system and enhancing the nutritional value, sensory appeal, and scalability of microbial foods. However, genetic tools and demonstrated use cases for bioengineered food production by edible strains are lacking. Here, we developed a synthetic biology toolkit for Aspergillus oryzae, an edible fungus traditionally used in fermented foods and currently used in protein production and meat alternatives. Our toolkit includes a CRISPR-Cas9 method for genome integration, neutral loci, and new promoters. We use these tools to enhance the elevate levels of the nutraceutical ergothioneine and intracellular heme in the edible biomass. The biomass overproducing heme is red in color and is readily formulated into imitation meat patties with minimal processing. These findings highlight the promise of genetic approaches to enhance fungal meat alternatives and provide useful engineering tools for diverse applications in fungal food production and beyond.
Project description:Permafrost soil in high latitude tundra is one of the largest terrestrial carbon (C) stocks and is highly sensitive to climate warming. Understanding microbial responses to warming induced environmental changes is critical to evaluating their influence on soil biogeochemical cycles. In this study, a functional gene array (i.e. GeoChip 4.2) was used to analyze the functional capacities of soil microbial communities collected from a naturally degrading permafrost region in Central Alaska. Varied thaw history was reported to be the main driver of soil and plant differences across a gradient of minimally, moderately and extensively thawed sites. Compared with the minimally thawed site, the number of detected functional gene probes across the 15-65 cm depth profile at the moderately and extensively thawed sites decreased by 25 % and 5 %, while the community functional gene beta-diversity increased by 34% and 45%, respectively, revealing decreased functional gene richness but increased community heterogeneity along the thaw progression. Particularly, the moderately thawed site contained microbial communities with the highest abundances of many genes involved in prokaryotic C degradation, ammonification, and nitrification processes, but lower abundances of fungal C decomposition and anaerobic-related genes. Significant correlations were observed between functional gene abundance and vascular plant primary productivity, suggesting that plant growth and species composition could be co-evolving traits together with microbial community composition. Altogether, this study reveals the complex responses of microbial functional potentials to thaw related soil and plant changes, and provides information on potential microbially mediated biogeochemical cycles in tundra ecosystems.
Project description:Legumes interact with soil fungi, leading to the development of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) roots. Diffusible AM fungal signals were identified as sulphated and non-sulphated LCOs (sMyc-LCOs and nsMyc-LCOs). Applying Myc-LCOs on roots of symbiotic mutants, we used GeneChips to detail the global programme of gene expression in these mutants in response to the external application of Myc-LCOs.
2012-05-31 | GSE33637 | GEO
Project description:Edible fungi cultivation media microbial community diversity -- funge