Project description:enterospheres (FEnS) from six aborted fetal’ small intestines, ranging in gestational age from 11 to 22.5 weeks ), and from adult duodenum AEnS were generated based on previously developed protocols for human organoids cultures . We sought to compare the global gene expression profile of FEnS and AEnS by whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing (WTSS) analysis. We evaluated FEnS (N=6) and AEnS (N=3) samples at a low passage, ranging from P6 to P14.
2018-10-17 | GSE101531 | GEO
Project description:Distinct niche separation of estuarine nitrifiers
Project description:A theoretical framework for the function of the medial temporal lobe system in memory defines differential contributions of the hippocampal subregions with regard to pattern recognition retrieval processes and encoding of new information. To investigate molecular programs of relevance, we designed a spatial learning protocol to engage a pattern separation function to encode new information. After background training, two groups of animals experienced the same new training in a novel environment, however only one group was provided spatial information and demonstrated spatial memory in a retention test. Global transcriptional analysis of the microdissected subregions of the hippocampus exposed a CA3 pattern that was sufficient to clearly segregate spatial learning animals from control. Individual gene and functional group analysis anchored these results to previous work in neural plasticity. From a multitude of expression changes, increases in camk2a, rasgrp1 and nlgn1 were confirmed by in situ hybridization. Furthermore, siRNA inhibition of nlgn1 within the CA3 subregion impaired spatial memory performance, pointing to mechanisms of synaptic remodeling as a basis for rapid encoding of new information in long-term memory. Experiment Overall Design: RNA samples from animals subjected to a spatial learning paradigm were compared to controls using Affymetirx RAE230a chips. An N of 7 was used in each of the two experimental conditions.
Project description:A theoretical framework for the function of the medial temporal lobe system in memory defines differential contributions of the hippocampal subregions with regard to pattern recognition retrieval processes and encoding of new information. To investigate molecular programs of relevance, we designed a spatial learning protocol to engage a pattern separation function to encode new information. After background training, two groups of animals experienced the same new training in a novel environment, however only one group was provided spatial information and demonstrated spatial memory in a retention test. Global transcriptional analysis of the microdissected subregions of the hippocampus exposed a CA3 pattern that was sufficient to clearly segregate spatial learning animals from control. Individual gene and functional group analysis anchored these results to previous work in neural plasticity. From a multitude of expression changes, increases in camk2a, rasgrp1 and nlgn1 were confirmed by in situ hybridization. Furthermore, siRNA inhibition of nlgn1 within the CA3 subregion impaired spatial memory performance, pointing to mechanisms of synaptic remodeling as a basis for rapid encoding of new information in long-term memory. Experiment Overall Design: RNA samples from animals subjected to a spatial learning paradigm were compared to controls using Affymetirx RAE230a chips. An N of 6 was used in each of the two experimental conditions.
Project description:A theoretical framework for the function of the medial temporal lobe system in memory defines differential contributions of the hippocampal subregions with regard to pattern recognition retrieval processes and encoding of new information. To investigate molecular programs of relevance, we designed a spatial learning protocol to engage a pattern separation function to encode new information. After background training, two groups of animals experienced the same new training in a novel environment, however only one group was provided spatial information and demonstrated spatial memory in a retention test. Global transcriptional analysis of the microdissected subregions of the hippocampus exposed a CA3 pattern that was sufficient to clearly segregate spatial learning animals from control. Individual gene and functional group analysis anchored these results to previous work in neural plasticity. From a multitude of expression changes, increases in camk2a, rasgrp1 and nlgn1 were confirmed by in situ hybridization. Furthermore, siRNA inhibition of nlgn1 within the CA3 subregion impaired spatial memory performance, pointing to mechanisms of synaptic remodeling as a basis for rapid encoding of new information in long-term memory. Experiment Overall Design: RNA samples from animals subjected to a spatial learning paradigm were compared to controls using Affymetirx RAE230a chips. An N of 7 was used in each of the two experimental conditions.
Project description:Cancer cell behaviour is strongly influenced by the surrounding cellular environment, making the characterization of the local tumour microenvironment (or niche) a fundamental question in tumour biology. To date, a direct investigation of the early cellular changes induced by metastatic cells within the surrounding tissue is difficult to achieve, especially at early micro-metastatic stages and for low frequency niche populations. Here we present the strategy whereby metastatic cancer cells release a cell-penetrating fluorescent protein that is efficiently taken up by neighbouring cells, allowing spatial identification of the local metastatic cellular environment within the whole tissue. Notably, this strategy can be used to follow metastatic niches from early micro-metastasis to late macro-metastasis, allowing temporal resolution. Moreover, the presence of low represented niche cells can be detected and characterized among the bulk tissue. To highlight its potential, we have used this niche-labelling strategy to study the lung metastatic environment of breast cancer cells. We uncover the presence of lung parenchymal cells within the metastatic niche where lung epithelial cells show stem cell-like features with expression of lung progenitor markers, multi-lineage differentiation potential and self-renewal activity. Moreover, lung epithelial cells can be directly perturbed by cancer cells in ex vivo co-culture assays and support their growth. In summary, here we describe a novel labelling system that enables spatial resolution of the metastatic microenvironment and provide evidence that the tissue cellular environment surrounding metastatic growth is characterized by undifferentiated features. The data highlight the significant potential of this method as a platform for new discoveries.