Project description:Characteristic features of chromatin states are not limited to particular epigenetic modifications but include other regulatory cues, such as linker DNA length, typically ranging from around 35-55 bp in most eu- and heterochromatin domains (Valouev et al, 2011; Voong et al., 2016, Cell) to over 200 bp in nucleosome-depleted regions (NDRs) found at active enhancers and promoters (Schones et al, 2008; Hansen He et al, 2010). To investigate whether and how the nucleosome linker DNA affects chromatin recognition by nuclear proteins we performed a set of affinity purifications using di-nucleosomes incorporating different DNA linkers. Here, we investigated the effect of a 200 bp di-nucleosome linker DNA represented by scrambled DNA or SV40 promoter DNA sequence on the nuclear protein binding to di-nucleosome decorated with promoter-associated modifications, including H3K4me3K9acK14acK18acK23acK27ac, H4K5acK8acK12acK16acK20me2 and histone variant H2A.Z Below is a description (modifications and linker) of di-nucleosomes used in pull-downs with HeLa nuclear extracts followed by label-free MS: 1. H3K4me3-5ac,H4K20me2-4ac, H2AZ, 50bp linker 2. H3K4me3-5ac,H4K20me2-4ac, H2AZ, 200bp scrambled DNA linker 3. H3K4me3-5ac,H4K20me2-4ac, H2AZ, 200bp SV40 promoter DNA linker 4. Unmod. H3&H4, 50bp linker 5. Unmod. H3&H4, 200bp scrambled DNA linker 6. Unmod. H3&H4, 200bp SV40 promoter DNA linker
Project description:Characteristic features of chromatin states are not limited to particular epigenetic modifications but include other regulatory cues, such as linker DNA length, typically ranging from around 35-55 bp in most eu- and heterochromatin domains (Valouev et al, 2011; Voong et al., 2016, Cell) to over 200 bp in nucleosome-depleted regions (NDRs) found at active enhancers and promoters (Schones et al, 2008; Hansen He et al, 2010). To investigate whether and how nucleosome linker DNA affects chromatin recognition by nuclear proteins we performed an additional set of affinity purifications using di-nucleosomes incorporating different DNA linkers. Here, we investigated the effect of a 200 bp di-nucleosome linker DNA represented by scrambled DNA or SV40 enhancer DNA sequence on the nuclear protein binding to di-nucleosome decorated with enhancer-associated modifications, including H3K4me1 and H3K27ac.
Project description:The compaction degree of chromatin is intimately related to its functionality and active cis-regulatory elements typically exist within open chromatin regions depleted in nucleosomes (Heintzman et al. 2007; Boyle et al. 2008). These domains can be identified using Formaldehyde-Assisted Isolation of Regulatory Elements (FAIRE) that allows for enrichment of nucleosome-depleted genomic regions when cross-linked chromatin is subjected to phenol-chloroform extraction (Nagy et al. 2003; Hogan et al. 2006) Here, chromatin structure was analyzed in MCF7 and LNCaP cells using Formaldehyde-Assisted Isolation of Regulatory Elements (FAIRE) (Nagy et al. 2003; Hogan et al. 2006) Keywords: FAIRE-chip
Project description:The depletion of HMGB1 reduces the deposition of histones on naked DNA (Celona et al, 2011). in primary MEFs and yeast. We verified that the downmodulation of HMGB1 decreases histone level also in a model of murine mesothelioma. HMGB1 was KD in Murine Mesothelioma AB22 cells by the expression of a shRNA. Nucleosome positioning and occupancy were tested by ATAC-seq. Since a reduced amount of nucleosomes increase the cell sensitivity to gamma irradiatio, we tested the number and position of breaks using BLISS-seq.
Project description:The depletion of HMGB1 reduces the deposition of histones on naked DNA (Celona et al, 2011). in primary MEFs and yeast. We verified that the downmodulation of HMGB1 decreases histone level also in a model of murine mesothelioma. HMGB1 was KD in Murine Mesothelioma AB22 cells by the expression of a shRNA. Nucleosome positioning and occupancy were tested by ATAC-seq. Since a reduced amount of nucleosomes increase the cell sensitivity to gamma irradiatio, we tested the number and position of breaks using BLISS-seq.
Project description:The depletion of HMGB1 reduces the deposition of histones on naked DNA (Celona et al, 2011). in primary MEFs and yeast. We verified that the downmodulation of HMGB1 decreases histone level also in a model of murine mesothelioma. HMGB1 was KD in Murine Mesothelioma AB22 cells by the expression of a shRNA. Nucleosome positioning and occupancy were tested by ATAC-seq. Since a reduced amount of nucleosomes increase the cell sensitivity to gamma irradiatio, we tested the number and position of breaks using BLISS-seq.
Project description:Several studies indicate that plant MIR genes are transcribed by RNA Pol II, similar to what is found in animals (Cai et al., 2004; Lee et al., 2004). By sequencing the 5' transcript ends Xie et al. (2005) mapped the transcription start sites (TSSs) for 52 MIR genes. This list was expanded upon through computational prediction of the core promoters (Zhou et al., 2007). In addition to the TATA box sequence motifs located upstream of the TSSs (Xie et al. 2005), Megraw et al. (2006) identified other transcription factor binding motifs in the promoter of Arabidopsis MIR genes. They showed that within the 800 nucleotides region upstream of TSSs, sequences resembling the binding sites for the transcription factors AtMYC2, ARF, SORLREP3, and LFY were overrepresented relative to protein-coding gene promoters and randomly sampled genomic sequences (Megraw et al. 2006). While these previous studies are instrumental in establishing our working understanding of MIR gene transcription in plants, there are several major knowledge gaps that urgently need to be addressed. Binding of RNA Pol II to the identified MIR promoter regions has not been tested. Because expression of MIR genes does not involve translation, transcriptional control by RNA Pol II might be different from protein-coding genes. In addition, few of the predicted cis elements have been functionally tested. Futher, the number of annotated miRNA genes has since increased from 199 to 232 (miRBase release 17; Kozomara and Griffiths-Jones, 2011). None of the newly identified genes have been subject to examination for promoter and regulatory sequences. Compared to the previously known miRNAs, these genes have narrower phylogenetic distribution and exhibit weaker expression level and more prominent tissue-specific expression (Rajagopalan et al., 2006; Fahlgren et al. 2007; Yang et al., 2011). Based on these observations, it has been argued that continuous gene birth and death allows beneficial miRNAs to be maintained while deleterious ones avoided (Rajagopalan et al., 2006; Fahlgren et al. 2007; Chen and Rajewsky, 2007; Axtell and Bowman, 2008). Identification of the promoter regions of these MIR genes and their comparison to those of the conserved are highly desirable to fully elucidate miRNA based gene regulation. In the current study, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-chip for the Pol II complex using the Affymetrix 'At35b_MR_v04' array. We designed a computational approach using genome-wide RPol II binding patterns to identify the promoter region and transcription start site of pri-miRNAs that are actively transcribed.
Project description:Genome wide maps of nucleosome occupancy in yeast have been produced through deep sequencing of nuclease-protected DNA. These maps have been obtained from crosslinked chromatin in vivo at varying phosphate concentrations (no phoshate and 10mM phosphate concentration). Here, we analyze these maps in combination with existing TF binding data (Harbison et al., Nature, 2004, 431(7004):99-104), and with new gene expression experiments reported here (GSE26770). We also confirm previous conclusions that the intrinsic,sequence dependent binding of nucleosomes helps determine the localization of TF binding sites.
Project description:Characteristic features of chromatin states are not limited to particular epigenetic modifications but include other regulatory cues, such as linker DNA length, typically ranging from between 35-55 bp (Valouev et al, 2011; Voong et al., 2016, Cell) to over 200 bp in nucleosome-depleted regions (NDRs) found at active enhancers and promoters (Schones et al, 2008; Hansen He et al, 2010). To investigate whether and how the nucleosome linker DNA affects chromatin recognition by nuclear proteins we performed a set of affinity purifications using di-nucleosomes incorporating different DNA linkers. This dataset contains experiments aimed to probe how the linker DNA length affects protein binding to di-nucleosomes decorated with H3K9me3 or H3K27me3. The following di-nucleosomes were used in affinity pull-down purifications with HeLa nuclear extract followed by label-free MS: 1. unmod. H3, 35 bp linker 2. unmod. H3, 40 bp linker 3. unmod. H3, 45 bp linker 4. unmod. H3, 50 bp linker 5. unmod. H3, 55 bp linker 6. H3K9me3, 35 bp linker 7. H3K9me3, 40 bp linker 8. H3K9me3, 45 bp linker 9. H3K9me3 50 bp linker 10. H3K9me3, 55 bp linker 11. H3K27me3, 35 bp linker 12. H3K27me3, 40 bp linker 13. H3K27me3, 45 bp linker 14. H3K27me3, 50 bp linker 15. H3K27me3, 55 bp linker