Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

Dataset Information

A C. elegans LSD1 Demethylase Contributes to Germline Immortality by Reprogramming Epigenetic Memory

ABSTRACT: Microarray-based expression profiling of mixed stage populations taken from generation 1,13 and 26 spr-5 mutant animals as well as wild-type animals reveals a large class of spermatogenesis-expressed genes whose expression coordinately increased from generations 1 to 13 and then decreased from generations 13 to 26 in spr-5(by101) mutants. These results suggest that a failure to reset spermatogenesis acquired H3K4me2 may result in the progressive sterility that is observed in spr-5 mutants. 8ug of total RNA was hybridized pair-wise, along with a dye flip, from N2 (wild-type) f1 and spr-5(by101) mutant f1, f13 and f26, for a total of 12 arrays. RNA was labelled with the Genisphere Array350 system.

ORGANISM(S): Caenorhabditis elegans

SUBMITTER: Valerie Reinke

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-14432 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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A C. elegans LSD1 demethylase contributes to germline immortality by reprogramming epigenetic memory.

Katz David J DJ Edwards T Matthew TM Reinke Valerie V Kelly William G WG

Cell 20090401 2

Epigenetic information undergoes extensive reprogramming in the germline between generations. This reprogramming may be essential to establish a developmental ground state in the zygote. We show that mutants in spr-5, the Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog of the H3K4me2 demethylase LSD1/KDM1, exhibit progressive sterility over many generations. This sterility correlates with the misregulation of spermatogenesis-expressed genes and transgenerational accumulation of the histone modification dimethyl ...[more]

PMID: 19379696

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Project description:Background: skeletal muscle is a complex, versatile tissue composed of a variety of functionally diverse fiber types. Although the biochemical, structural and functional properties of myofibers have been the subject of intense investigation for the last decades, understanding molecular processes regulating fiber type diversity is still complicated by the heterogeneity of cell types present in the whole muscle organ. Methodology/Principal Findings: we have produced a first catalogue of genes expressed in mouse slow-oxidative (type 1) and fast-glycolytic (type 2B) fibers through transcriptome analysis at the single fiber level (microgenomics). Individual fibers were obtained from murine soleus and EDL muscles and initially classified by myosin heavy chain isoform content. Gene expression profiling on high density DNA oligonucleotide microarrays showed that both qualitative and quantitative improvements were achieved, compared to results with standard muscle homogenate. First, myofiber profiles were virtually free from non-muscle transcriptional activity. Second, thousands of muscle-specific genes were identified, leading to a better definition of gene signatures in the two fiber types as well as the detection of metabolic and signaling pathways that are differentially activated in specific fiber types. Several regulatory proteins showed preferential expression in slow myofibers. Discriminant analysis revealed novel genes that could be useful for fiber type functional classification. Conclusions/Significance: as gene expression analyses at the single fiber level significantly increased the resolution power, this innovative approach would allow a better understanding of the adaptive transcriptomic transitions occurring in myofibers under physiological and pathological conditions. EDL and soleus muscles were incubated with type I collagenase to dissociate intact myofibres that were separated under stereo microscope from the bulk of hyper contracted fibres. Isolated myofibres were divided in two parts: one was immersed in Laemmli buffer for fibre typing; the other was placed in RNA extraction buffer for RNA amplification. We analyzed the transcription profiles of 10 biological replicas of type 2B single muscle fibres from EDL and 10 biological replicas of type 1 single muscle fibres from soleus. Microarray competitive hybridizations were carried out against an artificial control with a balanced composition of type 1 and type 2B fibres (20 hybridizations). Each oligonucleotide is spotted in two replicates on the glass slide, so for every data two intra-slide replicas are present. The control was created as follows: three couples of soleus and EDL muscles were removed from 3 different mice and treated with collagenase. Total RNA was extracted separately from EDL and soleus muscles. By mixing about 1/3 RNA from EDL and 2/3 RNA from soleus muscles the control had approximately the same contributions of type 1 and type 2B fibres. Purified RNA samples from single fibres and from control were amplified twice using the Amino Allyl MessageAmpM-bM-^DM-" II aRNA Amplification Kit (Ambion).

Project description:Ferric uptake regulator (Fur) is the major regulator of iron acquisition in Escherichia coli and other bacteria. In the present study, the role of Fur in anaerobic S. enterica serovar Typhimurium was determined by transcriptome analysis, reporter assays, and enzymatic assays. In anaerobic ?fur, 298 genes were differentially expressed. In general, Fur repressed genes required for iron acquisition/storage, metabolism, electron transport, oxidative/nitrosative stress, and modulators of virulence. There were 73 genes whose expression required Fur, eleven of which contain a putative Fur box 5? of the gene. Transcription of sodA was >9-fold higher in ?fur but there was no corresponding increase in the activity of SodA. Anaerobic cultures of the fur mutant and the WT were used to inoculate two sets of three independent flasks each containing 150 ml of anoxic LB-MOPS-X. The three independent cultures were grown to an optical density at 600 nm (OD600) of 0.25 to 0.35, pooled, and treated with RNAlater (QIAGEN, Valencia, CA) to fix the cells and preserve the quality of the RNA. Total RNA was extracted with the RNeasy RNA extraction kit (QIAGEN), and the samples were treated with RNase-free DNase (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). The absence of contaminating DNA and the quality of the RNA was confirmed by PCR amplification of known genes and by using agarose gel electrophoresis. Aliquots of the RNA samples were kept at –80°C for use in the microarray and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) studies. The SuperScript Indirect cDNA labeling system (Invitrogen) was used to synthesize the cDNA for the hybridizations. Each experiment consisted of two hybridizations, on two slides, and was carried out in Corning Hybridization Chambers at 42°C overnight. Dye swapping was performed to avoid dye-associated effects on cDNA synthesis. The slides were washed at increasing stringencies (2x SSC [1x SSC is 0.15 M NaCl plus 0.015 M sodium citrate], 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS], 42°C; 0.1% SSC, 0.1% SDS, room temperature; 0.1% SSC, room temperature). Following hybridization, the microarrays were scanned for the Cy3 and Cy5 fluorescent signals with a ScanArray 4000 microarray scanner from GSI Lumonics (Watertown, MA). The intensity of every spot was codified as the sum of the intensities of all the pixels within a circle positioned over the spot itself and the background as the sum of the intensities of an identical number of pixels in the immediate surroundings of the circled spot. Cy3 and Cy5 values for each spot were normalized over the total intensity for each dye to account for differences in total intensity between the two scanned images. The consistency of the data obtained from the microarray analysis was evaluated by a pair-wise comparison, calculated with a two-tailed Student's t test and analyzed by the MEAN and TTEST procedures of SAS-STAT statistical software (SAS Institute, Cary, NC) . The signal intensity at each spot from the fur mutant and the WT were background subtracted, normalized, and used to calculate the ratio of gene expression between the two strains. All replicas were combined, and the median expression ratios and standard deviations were calculated for open reading frames (ORFs) showing 2.5-fold change.

Dataset Information

A C. elegans LSD1 Demethylase Contributes to Germline Immortality by Reprogramming Epigenetic Memory

Publications

A C. elegans LSD1 demethylase contributes to germline immortality by reprogramming epigenetic memory.

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