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Effects of Exercise Domain and Intensity on Sleep in Women and Men with Overweight and Obesity.

ABSTRACT: Inadequate sleep is associated with cardiometabolic risk and adiposity. Exercise has been suggested as an efficient strategy to improve sleep; however, the effects of different types of exercise on sleep in individuals with overweight and obesity are not well understood. We examined effects of active commuting and leisure-time exercise on sleep in individuals with overweight or obesity. 130 physically inactive adults (20-45?years) with overweight or class 1 obesity (body mass index: 25-35?kg/m2) were randomized to 6?months of habitual lifestyle (CON, n?=?18), active commuting by bike (BIKE, n?=?35), or leisure-time exercise of moderate intensity (MOD, 50% VO2peak-reserve, n?=?39) or vigorous intensity (VIG, 70% VO2peak-reserve, n?=?38), 5?days/week. Sleep was assessed from 7-day/night accelerometry and questionnaires at baseline, 3?months, and 6?months. 92 participants were included in a per protocol analysis. At 3?months, sleep duration was longer in VIG (29?min/night [3; 55] (mean [95% CI]), p=0.03) but not in BIKE and MOD (p ? 0.11) compared with CON and was not different between groups at 6?months (p ? 0.36 vs. CON). At 6?months, sleep duration variability was lower in MOD (-31% [-50; -3], p=0.03) and numerically lower in VIG (-28% [-49; 1], p=0.06) relative to CON but was unchanged in BIKE (p=0.17 vs. CON). The effects were, however, primarily attributable to shorter and more irregular sleep in CON over time. Our findings suggest that effects of exercise on sleep in individuals with overweight and obesity may be restricted to leisure-time exercise with a short-term effect on sleep duration after vigorous intensity exercise (3?months) but a more regular sleep pattern after 6?months of moderate and vigorous intensity exercise compared with physically inactive controls. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov with ID NCT01962259.

SUBMITTER: Quist JS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6476111 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effects of Exercise Domain and Intensity on Sleep in Women and Men with Overweight and Obesity.

Quist Jonas Salling JS Rosenkilde Mads M Gram Anne Sofie AS Blond Martin Bæk MB Holm-Petersen Daniel D Hjorth Mads Fiil MF Stallknecht Bente B Sjödin Anders A

Journal of obesity 20190407

Inadequate sleep is associated with cardiometabolic risk and adiposity. Exercise has been suggested as an efficient strategy to improve sleep; however, the effects of different types of exercise on sleep in individuals with overweight and obesity are not well understood. We examined effects of active commuting and leisure-time exercise on sleep in individuals with overweight or obesity. 130 physically inactive adults (20-45 years) with overweight or class 1 obesity (body mass index: 25-35 kg/m<s ...[more]

PMID: 31089425

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Project description:Background: The current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms underlying the health benefits of exercise is still limited, especially in the pediatric population. We set out to investigate the effect of a 20-week exercise intervention on whole blood transcriptome profile (RNA-seq) in children with overweight/obesity. Methods: Twenty-four pre-pubertal children (10.21 ± 1.33 years, 46% girls) with overweight/obesity, were randomized to either a 20-week exercise program (intervention group; n=10), or to a non-exercise control group (usual lifestyle, n=14). Whole blood transcriptome profile was analysed using RNA-seq STRT2 technique. Gene expression analysis was carried out with the Limma R/Bioconductor software package, and the gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses were performed using R. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was performed for gene network detection. The transcriptome data were in silico validated using PHENOPEDIA and meta-analysis database extrameta.org. Results: 161 genes were differentially expressed between the exercise and the control groups among boys, and 121 genes among girls (p-value < 0.05), while after multiple correction, no significant difference between groups persisted in gene expression profiles (FDR > 0.05). Based on non-corrected analyses, the enriched GO processes and molecular pathways highlighted the effect of exercise on different immune response related pathways in boys (antigen processing and presentation, infections, and T cell receptor complex) and girls (Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway) (FDR < 0.05). In silico data mining and validation analyses (using PHENOPEDIA and meta-analysis database extrameta.org) highlight top genes regulated by exercise such as CD6, HLA-C, TNFRSF1A, MYD88, and NFKBIA genes in boys and RAC1, ANXA6, FYN, INPP5D, PIK3CD and SPARC genes in girls. Conclusion: These results suggest that 20-week exercise program influences different immune processes in children with overweight/obesity. The transcriptome differences between boys and girls could partly be explained, in addition to the gender differences, by the distinct intensity in the exercise intervention as boys had stronger exercise stimulus in training. Our findings should be considered exploratory and preliminary given the relatively small sample size. Larger and more powered randomized controlled trials should confirm or contrast our findings.

Project description:Cardiovascular and cardiometabolic diseases are leading causes of death worldwide. Exercise favorably affects this problem, however only few invest (enough) time to favorably influence cardiometabolic risk-factors and cardiac morphology/performance. Time-effective, high-intensity, low-volume exercise protocols might increase people's commitment to exercise. To date, most research has focused on high-intensity interval training (HIIT), the endurance type of HIT, while corresponding HIT-resistance training protocols (HIT-RT) are rarely evaluated. In this study we compared the effect of HIIT vs. HIT-RT, predominately on cardiometabolic and cardiac parameters in untrained, overweight-obese, middle-aged men. Eligible, untrained men aged 30-50 years old in full-time employment were extracted from two joint exercise studies that randomly assigned participants to a HIIT, HIT-RT or corresponding control group. HIIT predominately consisted of interval training 90 s-12 min, (2-4 sessions/week), HIT-RT (2-3 sessions/week) was applied as a single set resistance training to muscular failure. Core intervention length of both protocols was 16 weeks. Main inclusion criteria were overweight-obese status (BMI 25-35 kg/m2) and full employment (occupational working time: ≥38.5 h/week). Primary study-endpoint was the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) Z-Score, secondary study-endpoints were ventricular stroke volume index (SVI) and myocardial mass index (MMI) as determined by Magnetic Resonance Imaging. The Intention to treat (ITT) principle was applied to analyze the summarized data set. Twenty-seven eligible men of the HIT-RT and 30 men of the HIIT group were included in the ITT. Both interventions significantly (p < 0.001) improve the MetS Z-Score, however the effect of HIIT was superior (p = 0.049). In parallel, HIT-RT and HIIT significantly affect SVI and MMI, with the effect of HIIT being much more pronounced (p < 0.001). Although HIIT endurance exercise was superior in favorably affecting cardiometabolic risk and particularly cardiac performance, both exercise methods positively affect cardiometabolic risk factors in this overweight to obese, middle-aged cohort of males with low time resources. Thus, the main practical application of our finding might be that in general overweight-obese people can freely choose their preferred exercise type (HIIT-END or HIT-RT) to improve their cardiometabolic health, while investing an amount of time that should be feasible for everybody. Trial Registrations: NCT01406730, NCT01766791.

Project description:BackgroundAcute exercise does not elicit compensatory changes in appetite parameters in lean individuals; however, less is known about responses in overweight individuals. This study compared the acute effects of moderate-intensity exercise on appetite, energy intake and appetite-regulatory hormones in lean and overweight/obese individuals.MethodsForty-seven healthy lean (n=22, 11 females; mean (s.d.) 37.5 (15.2) years; 22.4 (1.5) kg m-2) and overweight/obese (n=25, 11 females; 45.0 (12.4) years, 29.2 (2.9) kg m-2) individuals completed two, 8 h trials (exercise and control). In the exercise trial, participants completed 60 min treadmill exercise (59 (4)% peak oxygen uptake) at 0-1 h and rested thereafter while participants rested throughout the control trial. Appetite ratings and concentrations of acylated ghrelin, peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were measured at predetermined intervals. Standardised meals were consumed at 1.5 and 4 h and an ad libitum buffet meal was provided at 7 h.ResultsExercise suppressed appetite (95% confidence interval (CI) -3.1 to -0.5 mm, P=0.01), and elevated delta PYY (95% CI 10 to 17 pg ml-1, P<0.001) and GLP-1 (95% CI 7 to 10 pmol l-1, P<0.001) concentrations. Delta acylated ghrelin concentrations (95% CI -5 to 3 pg ml-1, P=0.76) and ad libitum energy intake (95% CI -391 to 346 kJ, P=0.90) were similar between trials. Subjective and hormonal appetite parameters and ad libitum energy intake were similar between lean and overweight/obese individuals (P⩾0.27). The exercise-induced elevation in delta GLP-1 was greater in overweight/obese individuals (trial-by-group interaction P=0.01), whereas lean individuals exhibited a greater exercise-induced increase in delta PYY (trial-by-group interaction P<0.001).ConclusionsAcute moderate-intensity exercise transiently suppressed appetite and increased PYY and GLP-1 in the hours after exercise without stimulating compensatory changes in appetite in lean or overweight/obese individuals. These findings underscore the ability of exercise to induce a short-term energy deficit without any compensatory effects on appetite regardless of weight status.

Dataset Information

Effects of Exercise Domain and Intensity on Sleep in Women and Men with Overweight and Obesity.

Publications

Effects of Exercise Domain and Intensity on Sleep in Women and Men with Overweight and Obesity.

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