Dataset Information

Enzyme-treated chicory for cosmetics: application assessment and techno-economic analysis.

ABSTRACT: Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is an important industrial crop that produces large quantities of the dietary fiber inulin in its roots. Following inulin extraction, the bagasse is typically used as animal feed, but it contains numerous bioactive secondary metabolites with potential applications in healthcare and cosmetic products. Here we assessed the antimicrobial properties of chicory biomass pre-treated with various enzymes alone and in combination to release the bioactive compounds and increase their bioavailability. We found that pre-treatment significantly increased the antimicrobial activity of this industrial by-product, yielding an extract that inhibited typical skin pathogens in a cosmetic formula challenge test. We also evaluated the valorization of chicory biomass as a bioactive cosmetic ingredient. Economic feasibility was estimated by combining our experimental results with a conceptual techno-economic analysis. Our results suggest that chicory biomass can be utilized for the sustainable production of efficacious cosmetic ingredients.

SUBMITTER: Hakkinen ST

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9727056 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Enzyme-treated chicory for cosmetics: application assessment and techno-economic analysis.

Häkkinen Suvi Tuulikki ST Cankar Katarina K Nohynek Liisa L Suomalainen Marjut M van Arkel Jeroen J Siika-Aho Matti M Twarogowska Anna A Van Droogenbroeck Bart B Oksman-Caldentey Kirsi-Marja KM

AMB Express 20221206 1

Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is an important industrial crop that produces large quantities of the dietary fiber inulin in its roots. Following inulin extraction, the bagasse is typically used as animal feed, but it contains numerous bioactive secondary metabolites with potential applications in healthcare and cosmetic products. Here we assessed the antimicrobial properties of chicory biomass pre-treated with various enzymes alone and in combination to release the bioactive compounds and incre ...[more]

PMID: 36472772

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Project description:BackgroundRecent advances in metabolic engineering enable the production of chemicals from sugars through microbial bio-conversion. Terpenes have attracted substantial attention due to their relatively high prices and wide applications in different industries. To this end, we synthesize and assess processes for microbial production of terpenes.ResultsTo explain a counterintuitive experimental phenomenon where terpenes such as limonene (normal boiling point 176 °C) are often found to be 100% present in the vapor phase after bio-conversion (operating at only ~ 30 °C), we first analyze the vapor-liquid equilibrium for systems containing terpenes. Then, we propose alternative production configurations, which are further studied, using limonene as an example, in several case studies. Next, we perform economic assessment of the alternative processes and identify the major cost components. Finally, we extend the assessment to account for different process parameters, terpene products, ways to address terpene toxicity (microbial engineering vs. solvent use), and cellulosic biomass as a feedstock. We identify the key cost drivers to be (1) feed glucose concentration (wt%), (2) product yield (% of maximum theoretical yield) and (3) VVM (Volume of air per Volume of broth liquid per Minute, i.e., aeration rate in min-1). The production of limonene, based on current experimental data, is found to be economically infeasible (production cost ~ 465 $/kg vs. market selling price ~ 7 $/kg), but higher glucose concentration and yield can lower the cost. Among 12 terpenes studied, limonene appears to be the most reasonable short-term target because of its large market size (~ 160 million $/year in the US) and the relatively easier to achieve break-even yield (~ 30%, assuming a 14 wt% feed glucose concentration and 0.1 min-1 VVM).ConclusionsThe methods proposed in this work are applicable to a range of terpenes as well as other extracellular insoluble chemicals with density lower than that of water, such as fatty acids. The results provide guidance for future research in metabolic engineering toward terpenes production in terms of setting targets for key design parameters.

Project description:BackgroundAlcohol-to-jet (ATJ) is one of the technical feasible biofuel technologies. It produces jet fuel from sugary, starchy, and lignocellulosic biomass, such as sugarcane, corn grain, and switchgrass, via fermentation of sugars to ethanol or other alcohols. This study assesses the ATJ biofuel production pathway for these three biomass feedstocks, and advances existing techno-economic analyses of biofuels in three ways. First, we incorporate technical uncertainty for all by-products and co-products though statistical linkages between conversion efficiencies and input and output levels. Second, future price uncertainty is based on case-by-case time-series estimation, and a local sensitivity analysis is conducted with respect to each uncertain variable. Third, breakeven price distributions are developed to communicate the inherent uncertainty in breakeven price. This research also considers uncertainties in utility input requirements, fuel and by-product outputs, as well as price uncertainties for all major inputs, products, and co-products. All analyses are done from the perspective of a private firm.ResultsThe stochastic dominance results of net present values (NPV) and breakeven price distributions show that sugarcane is the lowest cost feedstock over the entire range of uncertainty with the least risks, followed by corn grain and switchgrass, with the mean breakeven jet fuel prices being $0.96/L ($3.65/gal), $1.01/L ($3.84/gal), and $1.38/L ($5.21/gal), respectively. The variation of revenues from by-products in corn grain pathway can significantly impact its profitability. Sensitivity analyses show that technical uncertainty significantly impacts breakeven price and NPV distributions.ConclusionsTechnical uncertainty is critical in determining the economic performance of the ATJ fuel pathway. Technical uncertainty needs to be considered in future economic analyses. The variation of revenues from by-products plays a significant role in profitability. With the distribution of breakeven prices, potential investors can apply whatever risk preferences they like to determine an appropriate bid or breakeven price that matches their risk profile.

Dataset Information

Enzyme-treated chicory for cosmetics: application assessment and techno-economic analysis.

Publications

Enzyme-treated chicory for cosmetics: application assessment and techno-economic analysis.

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