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Transcriptomic investigation of differential cellular reprogramming of infected cells by human adenovirus 5 E1A mutants

ABSTRACT: Induction of S-phase is paramount to the replication of most human DNA viruses. Human adenoviruses have evolved sophisticated mechanisms that drive the infected cells into S-phase to ensure that viral genomes are efficiently replicated. We have identified an E1A mutant, E1A289Rdl2-11/YC, that disrupts the canonical means of S-phase induction by E1A. Specifically, this mutant abrogates binding of E1A to the E2F/DP complex as well as to the retinoblastoma protein. Yet, we show that this mutant can still effectively drive the infected cell into S-phase. We explore potential mechanisms of how this occurs via cellular transcriptomic analysis 16 hours after infection. We show that this mutant induces many cell-cycle specific genes to drive S-phase. Interestingly, MYC mRNA is significantly upregulated by this mutant as compared to other viruses investigated. This MYC upregulation, together with normal expression of E4orf6/7 in this mutant, may contribute to efficient S-phase induction. We also demonstrate that this mutant is unable to effectively suppress innate immune response to infection, likely due to loss of p300/CBP binding caused by deletion of E1A residues 2 to 11.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE288390 | GEO | 2025/04/24

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Replicating viruses have broad applications in biomedicine, notably in cancer virotherapy and in the design of attenuated vaccines, however uncontrolled virus replication in vulnerable tissues can give pathology and often restricts the use of potent strains. Increased knowledge of tissue-selective microRNA expression now affords the possibility of engineering replicating viruses that are attenuated at the RNA level in sites of potential pathology, but retain wild type replication activity at sites not expressing the relevant microRNA. To assess the usefulness of this approach for the DNA virus, adenovirus, we have engineered a hepatocyte-safe wild type adenovirus 5 (Ad5), which normally mediates significant toxicity and is potentially lethal in mice. To do this we have included binding sites for hepatocyte-selective microRNA122a within the 3' UTR of the E1A transcription cassette. Imaging versions of these viruses, produced by fusing E1A with luciferase, showed that inclusion of microRNA122a binding sites caused up to 80 fold decreased hepatic expression of E1A following intravenous delivery to mice. Animals administered a ten-times lethal dose of wild type Ad5 (5 x 1010 viral particles/mouse) showed substantial hepatic genome replication and extensive liver pathology, while inclusion of 4 microRNA binding sites decreased replication 50-fold and virtually abrogated liver toxicity. This modified wild type virus retained full activity within cancer cells and provides a potent, liver-safe oncolytic virus. In addition to providing many potent new viruses for cancer virotherapy, microRNA-control of virus replication should provide a new strategy for designing safe attenuated vaccines applied across a broad range of viral diseases. four groups which we had were: WT: RNA extracted from livers of mice treated with wild type Ad5, 3 Replicates miR: RNA extracted from livers of mice treated with wild type Ad5 bearing mir122-binding sites in the 3'UTR of E1A (3 Replicates) Luc: RNA extracted from livers of mice treated with non-replicating Ad5 (3 Replicates) PBS: RNA extracted from livers of mice treated with PBS only (3 Replicates)

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Transcriptomic investigation of differential cellular reprogramming of infected cells by human adenovirus 5 E1A mutants

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