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Epigenomic annotation of gene regulatory alterations during evolution of the primate brain

ABSTRACT: While genome sequencing has identified numerous non-coding alterations between primate species, which of these are regulatory and potentially relevant to the evolution of the human brain is unclear. Here, we annotate cis-regulatory elements (CREs) in the human, rhesus macaque and chimpanzee genome using ChIP-sequencing in different anatomical parts of the adult brain. We find high similarity in the genomic positioning of CREs between rhesus macaque and humans, suggesting that the majority of these elements were already present in a common ancestor 25 million years ago. Most of the observed regulatory changes between humans and rhesus macaque occurred prior to the ancestral separation of humans and chimpanzee, leaving a modest set of regulatory elements with predicted human-specificity. Our data refine previous predictions and hypotheses on the consequences of genomic changes between primate species, and allow the identification of regulatory alterations relevant to the evolution of the brain.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus Homo sapiens Pan troglodytes Macaca mulatta

PROVIDER: GSE67978 | GEO | 2016/01/13

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA281420

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Epigenomic annotation of gene regulatory alterations during evolution of the primate brain

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