Project description:To study the population genetics context of the Saqqaq individual we carried out Illumina Bead-Array-based genotyping on four native North American and twelve north Asian populations.
Project description:Array CGH analysis of Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from a North American cohort of symptomatic pediatric patients. Keywords: genotyping_design
Project description:Innate immunity is expected to play a primary role in conferring resistance to novel infectious diseases, but few studies have attempted to examine its role in the evolution of resistance to emerging pathogens in wild vertebrate populations. Here we used experimental infections and cDNA microarrays to examine whether changes in the innate and/or acquired immune responses likely accompanied the emergence of resistance in house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus) in the eastern United States subject to a recent outbreak of conjunctivitis-causing bacterium (Mycoplasma gallisepticum- MG). Three days following experimental infection with MG, we observed differences in the splenic transcriptional responses between House Finches from eastern U.S. populations, with a 12-year history of MG exposure, versus western U.S. populations, with no history of exposure to MG. In particular, western birds down-regulated gene expression, while eastern finches showed no expression change relative to controls. Studies involving poultry have shown that MG can manipulate host immunity, and our observations suggest that pathogen manipulation occurred only in finches from the western populations, outside the range of MG. Fourteen days after infection, eastern finches, but not western finches, up-regulated genes associated with acquired immunity (cell-mediated immunity) relative to controls. These observations suggest population differences in the temporal course of the response to infection with MG, and imply that innate immune processes were targets of selection in response to MG in the eastern U.S. population. Birds were randomly selected to be kept either as controls or infected via ocular inoculation with 20 μl of culture containing 1 x 104 to 1 x 106 color changing units/ml of an early 2007 Auburn MG isolate. All infected birds were inoculated with precisely the same volume of the same culture. Control birds were sham infected using sterile SP4 medium (Whitcomb 1983). Infected birds were euthanized three days (N=6 from Arizona and N=11 from Alabama) and 14 days (N=11 from Arizona and N=12 from Alabama) after treatment. Control birds were euthanized 14 days after sham-inoculation; Control (N=11 birds from Arizona and 9 from Alabama) and infected birds were maintained under identical conditions, but in separate rooms of an aviary. Infected birds were euthanized three days (N=6 from Arizona and N=11 from Alabama) and 14 days (N=11 from Arizona and N=12 from Alabama) after treatment. Control birds were euthanized 14 days after sham-inoculation. We used a common reference design (Yang & Speed 2002), in which we pooled 2 to 6 spleens from birds from the same population in the same treatment to generate enough mRNA for microarray hybridizations and hybridized two pools for each treatment from each population.
Project description:The Caucasus, inhabited by modern humans since the Early Upper Paleolithic and known for its linguistic diversity, is considered to be important for understanding human dispersals and genetic diversity in Eurasia. We report a synthesis of autosomal, Y chromosome, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in populations from all major subregions and linguistic phyla of the area. Autosomal genome variation in the Caucasus reveals significant genetic uniformity among its ethnically and linguistically diverse populations and is consistent with predominantly Near/Middle Eastern origin of the Caucasians, with minor external impacts. In contrast to autosomal and mtDNA variation, signals of regional Y chromosome founder effects distinguish the eastern from western North Caucasians. Genetic discontinuity between the North Caucasus and the East European Plain contrasts with continuity through Anatolia and the Balkans, suggesting major routes of ancient gene flows and admixture.
Project description:The Caucasus, inhabited by modern humans since the Early Upper Paleolithic and known for its linguistic diversity, is considered to be important for understanding human dispersals and genetic diversity in Eurasia. We report a synthesis of autosomal, Y chromosome, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in populations from all major subregions and linguistic phyla of the area. Autosomal genome variation in the Caucasus reveals significant genetic uniformity among its ethnically and linguistically diverse populations and is consistent with predominantly Near/Middle Eastern origin of the Caucasians, with minor external impacts. In contrast to autosomal and mtDNA variation, signals of regional Y chromosome founder effects distinguish the eastern from western North Caucasians. Genetic discontinuity between the North Caucasus and the East European Plain contrasts with continuity through Anatolia and the Balkans, suggesting major routes of ancient gene flows and admixture. 204 samples were analysed with the Illumina platform Human610-Quad v 1.0 and are described herein.
Project description:Whole-genome DNA methylation profiling of oral cancer in patients from North-Eastern states of India. The Illumina Infinium 450k Human DNA methylation BeadChip was used to screen the entire DNA methylation profiles across approximately 485,577 CpGs in matched oral cancer samples. Samples included 12 paired samples (12 cancer and 12 normal).
Project description:The goal of the study was to test whether CBD103 genotype of North American gray wolves impacts the gene expression response to polyI:C or to live canine distemper virus. We established 24 primary cultures of epidermal keratinocytes from skin punches of North American gray wolves, and also generated an immortalized keratinocyte line and a CRISPR/Cas9 edited cell line. We evaluated the gene expression response of cells to either 24 hours challenge with 1 ug/ml polyI:C or to five days challenge with live canine distemper virus (100 TCID50/ml). Every challenged cell culture had a paired null control sample (plated and collected at same time points).
Project description:Purpose: The goal of the current study was to find the candidate genes responsible for the habita specific clock variation in N. discreta. Methods: We performed RNA-seq experiment using four strains ; African parent (FGSC8831), North American parent (FGSC 8578) and two representative progeny representing African clock phenotype (N309-89) and North American clock phenotype (N309-50). Results: We identified one candidate gene that meets our criteria; confirmed it's expression by qPCR and it's expression pattern is associated with parent genotype. Conclusions: Our approach using the expression profiles and SNP data of two parents and two representative progeny led us to identify a candidate gene for a complex clock adaptation phenotype.