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Isoprenoid alcohols utilization by malaria parasites

ABSTRACT: Plasmodium falciparum is the etiological agent of human malaria, one of the most widespread diseases in tropical and subtropical world regions. One of the biggest problems in controlling the disease is the emergence of drug resistance, which leads to the need to discover new antimalarial compounds. One of the most promissory drugs purposed is fosmidomycin, an inhibitor of the biosynthesis of isoprene units by the methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway which in some cases failed in clinic studies. Once formed, isoprene units are condensed to form longer structures such as farnesyl and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP), which are necessary for heme O and A formation, ubiquinone, and dolichyl phosphate biosynthesis as well as for protein isoprenylation. Even though the natural substrates of polyprenyl transferases and syntheses are polyprenyl pyrophosphates, it was already demonstrated that isoprenoid alcohols (polyprenols) such as farnesol (FOH) and geranylgeraniol (GGOH) can rescue parasites from fosmidomycin. This study better investigated how this rescue phenomenon occurs by performing drug-rescue assays. By this, it was observed that phytol (POH), a 20-carbon plant isoprenoid, rescues parasites from the fosmidomycin effect, similarly to FOH or GGOH. Contrarily, neither dolichols nor nonaprenol rescue parasites from fosmidomycin. Considering this, here we characterized the transport of FOH, GGOH, and POH. Once incorporated, it was observed that these substances are phosphorylated, condensed into longer isoprenoid alcohols, and incorporated into proteins and dolichyl phosphates. Through proteomic and radiolabelling approaches, it was found that prenylated proteins are naturally attached to several isoprenoids including GGOH, dolichol, and POH if exogenously added. Furthermore, results suggest the presence of at least two promiscuous protein prenyltransferases in the parasite: one enzyme which can use FPP among other unidentified substrates and another enzyme that can use GGOH, POH, and dolichols among other substrates not identified here. Thus, was obtained further evidence for dolichols and other isoprenoid products attached to proteins. This study helps better understand apicoplast-targeting antimalarials mechanism of action as well as novel posttranslational modifications of proteins.

INSTRUMENT(S): LTQ Orbitrap Velos

ORGANISM(S): Homo Sapiens (human)

TISSUE(S): Cell Culture

DISEASE(S): Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria

SUBMITTER: Veronica Santiago

LAB HEAD: Alejandro Miguel Katzin

PROVIDER: PXD036092 | Pride | 2022-11-28

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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Project description:Cyanobacteria are phototrophic prokaryotes that can convert inorganic carbon as CO2 into organic carbon compounds at the expense of light energy. In addition, they need only a few inorganic nutrients and can be cultivated in high densities using non-arable land and seawater. This features qualified cyanobacteria as attractive organisms for the production of third generation biofuels as part of the development of future CO2-neutral energy production. Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 represents one of the most widely used cyanobacterial model strains. On the basis of its available genome sequence and genetic tools, many strains of Synechocystis have been generated that produce different biotechnological products. Efficient isoprene production is an attractive goal, since this compound represents not only an energy-rich biofuel but is also used as chemical feedstock. Here, we report on our attempts to generate isoprene-producing strains of Synechocystis. The cDNA of a codon-optimized plant isoprene synthase (IspS) was cloned under the control of different Synechocystis promoters, which ensure strong constitutive or light-regulated ispS expression. The expression of the ispS gene was quantified by qPCR, whereas the amount of isoprene was quantified using GC-MS. Incubation of our strains at different salt conditions had marked impact on the isoprene production rates. Under low salt conditions, a good correlation was found between ispS expression and isoprene production rate. However, the cultivation of isoprene production strains under salt-supplemented conditions decreased isoprene production despite the fact that ispS expression was salt-stimulated. The characterization of the metabolome of isoprene producing strains indicated that isoprene production might be limited by insufficient precursor levels. Our isoprene production rates under low salt conditions were 2 - 6.5times higher compared to the previous report of Lindberg et al. (2010). These results can be used to guide future attempts establishing the isoprene production with cyanobacterial host systems.

			Action	DRS
	BANDA1_1.raw	Raw
	BANDA1_2.raw	Raw
	BANDA2_1.raw	Raw
	BANDA2_2.raw	Raw
	proteinGroups.txt	Txt

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Isoprenoid alcohols utilization by malaria parasites

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