Dataset Information

Venomics of the Milos viper (Macrovipera schweizeri)

ABSTRACT: Snakebite is a neglected tropical disease and a globally important driver of death and morbidity. Vipers of the genus Macrovipera (Viperidae: Viperinae) are among the snakes of higher medical importance in the Old World. Despite the medical relevance of Macrovipera venoms, the knowledge regarding them is heterogeneously distributed with virtually all works conducted so far focusing on subspecies of Macrovipera lebetinus, while other species within the genus are largely overlooked. Here we present the first proteomic evaluation of the venom from the Greek endemic Milos viper (Macrovipera schweizeri). In line with clinical symptoms typically elicited by Macrovipera envenomations, Milos viper venom primarily comprises coagulotoxic and cytotoxic protein families, such as metalloproteinases (svMP) and serine proteases (svSP). We conducted comparative bioactivity assays on venoms from M. schweizeri and the M. lebetinus subspecies M. lebetinus cernovi, M. lebetinus obtusa, and M. lebetinus turanica, and showed that they all exhibit similarities in levels of cytotoxicity proteolytic activity, and inhibition of prokaryotic growth. Lastly, we compared 1D-SDS-PAGE and RP-HPLC Macrovipera spp. venom profiles, as well as our proteomic data with previously published Macrovipera venom proteomes. The analyses performed reveal that a general venom profile seems to be conserved across blunt-nosed vipers, and that, similarly to M. lebetinus venom, M. schweizeri venom is able to cause significant tissue damage. The present work represents an important starting point to the development of comparative studies across the full taxonomic range of Macrovipera spp., and can potentially help optimize the treatment of envenomations caused by M. schweizeri.

INSTRUMENT(S): Orbitrap Eclipse

ORGANISM(S): Macrovipera Schweizeri

TISSUE(S): Trachea Gland, Venom Gland

DISEASE(S): Vector-borne Bite Transmission

SUBMITTER: Günter Lochnit

LAB HEAD: Guenter Lochnit

PROVIDER: PXD043615 | Pride | 2023-10-24

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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Dataset's files

Source:

			Action	DRS
	MS-04c.mzML	Mzml
	Venom-MacroviperaSchweizeri.mzid.gz	Mzid
	Venom-MacroviperaSchweizeri.raw	Raw

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Publications

Venomics of the milos viper (Macrovipera schweizeri) unveils patterns of venom composition and exochemistry across blunt-nosed viper venoms.

Schulte Lennart L Damm Maik M Avella Ignazio I Uhrig Lilien L Erkoc Pelin P Schiffmann Susanne S Fürst Robert R Timm Thomas T Lochnit Günter G Vilcinskas Andreas A Lüddecke Tim T

Frontiers in molecular biosciences 20230831

Introduction: Snakebite is a neglected tropical disease and a globally important driver of death and morbidity. Vipers of the genus Macrovipera (Viperidae: Viperinae) are among the snakes of higher medical importance in the Old World. Despite the medical relevance of Macrovipera venoms, the knowledge regarding them is heterogeneously distributed with virtually all works conducted so far focusing on subspecies of Macrovipera lebetinus, while other species within the ge ...[more]

PMID: 37719269

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Project description:We found that assassin bugs from the earliest-diverging subfamily of higher Reduviidae (Peiratinae), as well as a subfamily closely related to Triatominae (Stenopodainae) have venom that is highly similar in composition to that produced by previously examined reduviids from Harpactorinae and Reduviinae. This finding suggests that venom composition has been largely stable due to purifying selection among the higher Reduviidae, which is consistent with the ancient origin of venom in the ancestors of Heteroptera 250–300 million years ago (Sunagar and Moran 2015; Walker et al. 2018a). This near homogeneity of venom composition is perhaps surprising considering that reduviid predators have evolved numerous instances of prey specialization and specialized hunting strategies that might be expected to co-evolve with venom. Possibly, further studies focussing on species with more specialized hunting strategies, or different kinds of venom bioactivities, will uncover more nuanced venom adaptations. Alternatively, it is possible that the protease-rich venoms of predatory reduviids are simply well-suited to myriad different hunting strategies. These data are consistent with other examples where venoms are surprisingly similar despite great differences in biology, for example between solitary and eusocial bees. A more detailed picture of venom evolution in Reduviidae would examine venom produced by the early-diverging Phymatine complex as well as venoms of non-reduviid cimicomorphs, prey specialists such as the arachnophagous Emesinae and the myrmecophagous Holoptilinae, and some of the many groups that employ hunting specializations, such as the use of plant resins to catch prey (Hwang and Weirauch 2012). Within Triatominae, examination of saliva produced by additional species from multiple lineages (especially those that switched to blood-feeding independently, if the subfamily is shown to be polyphyletic) and including generalists and specialists on different host taxa and species associated especially with nests and burrows will be informative. The venoms of predatory reduviids such as Zelurus spp. and Opisthacidius spp. that are most closely related to Triatominae, and share some behaviours such as habitation of bird nests by Opisthacidius spp. may also provide more information about the evolution of triatomine saliva.

Dataset Information

Venomics of the Milos viper (Macrovipera schweizeri)

Dataset's files

Publications

Venomics of the milos viper (<i>Macrovipera schweizeri</i>) unveils patterns of venom composition and exochemistry across blunt-nosed viper venoms.

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